Individuals have to learn to form their own identity, to determine a direction and to plan a career. However, individuals' shortage of actor competences confronts them with many problems; several institutions risk becoming overburdened by allocation or career problems. As a result, the role of the career counselor must change from that of a…

As the guidance and counseling profession moves through the 1980s, diversity and contradictions within the profession endanger any major sense of mission. Discusses a number of separate, distinct movements that have marked the history of guidance in American education and a corresponding number of unique movements within counseling. (RC)