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Adam N. Glynn; Miguel R. Rueda; Julian Schuessler – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Post-instrument covariates are often included as controls in instrumental variable (IV) analyses to address a violation of the exclusion restriction. However, we show that such analyses are subject to biases unless strong assumptions hold. Using linear constant-effects models, we present asymptotic bias formulas for three estimators (with and…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Error of Measurement, Least Squares Statistics
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Quiroz, Waldo; Rubilar, Cristian Merino – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2015
This study develops a tool to identify errors in the presentation of natural laws based on the epistemology and ontology of the Scientific Realism of Mario Bunge. The tool is able to identify errors of different types: (1) epistemological, in which the law is incorrectly presented as data correlation instead of as a pattern of causality; (2)…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Scientific Concepts, Scientific Principles, Error Patterns