This article reviews 43 U.S. studies assessing adaptive and challenging behavior outcomes associated with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who moved from institutions to community residential settings. These studies were published between 1977 and 2010. Longitudinal and comparison group studies were selected based on a…

Studies gender patterns in five- and six-year-old children's social interactions with one another and variables that may influence these patterns. Findings suggest that differences between boys and girls in the use of aggravated behavior in interaction style is strongly influenced by the nature of the activity being performed and by the gender of…

An analysis of differences in politeness between Japanese and English focuses on those that affect the relative imposition involved in a request. Introductory sections draw on previous research and theory, and discuss general linguistic and cultural principles underlying requests, politeness, and politeness strategies. Four rules for times when a…

Critically reviews research on lay peoples' definition of sexual harassment, what behaviors are considered harassing, the effects of harasser status on perceptions of harassment, and gender differences in sexual harassment definitions. Results suggest more lay awareness of what constitutes harassing behavior, but less consistency in the effects of…

Reviews literature on the benefits to emotionally disturbed children of mainstreaming versus special class placement. Findings are inconclusive. (SJL)

Argues that feminist psychologists not only do not have a uniform position on the issue of gender differences, but that many have argued for large gender differences. The article contends that meta-analyses indicate great variability in the magnitude of gender differences across different behaviors. (GR)

Discusses the salience of father-infant rough play in some countries and presents data on the physical play interactions of 34 Indian mothers and fathers with their 1 year olds. The data suggest that fathers do not have a greater propensity than mothers for rough play and that rough play may be culture specific. (Author/LB)

Considers claims from sex-comparative research that sex-related differences are small, unusually unstable across studies, very often artifactual, and inconsistent with the content of gender stereotypes. The article contends that feminism created a political climate that has led to research that inaccurately minimizes psychological gender…

Studies the "urban unhelpfulness" effect in England and the Sudan and the validity of cultural and dispositional explanations that have been put forward to explain it. Responses from 270 participants show the urban unhelpfulness effect to be quite equivalent in both countries. Additionally, the dispositional explanation was not supported…

Suggests that in the urban-industrial setting of Hong Kong, Chinese familism has taken the form of utilitarianistic familism. Discusses three structural factors to account for the emergence of utilitarian familism: Chinese immigration, institutional inadequacy, and socioeconomic development; explores their relationship to utilitarianistic…

Examines the combined effects of race and gender on teachers' perceptions of students' social behaviors. Responses from 984 black and white teachers who rated 6- to 11-year-old black and white children suggest teachers' perceptions are predicted by race and gender. Positive perceptions generally aligned themselves according to teachers' race and…