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Assinger, Philipp; Biasin, Chiara – International Journal of Training and Development, 2023
"In 2012," European Union Member States committed to implement policies for the "Validation of Nonformal and Informal Learning" (VNFIL). In this article, we examine Austria and Italy and ask how VNFIL policies in these two countries relate to "informal learning" (IL) and how this can be interpreted from a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Informal Education, Nonformal Education, Educational Policy
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Schuller, Tom; Watson, David – European Journal of Education, 2015
In this article, Tom Schuller and David Watson, who were responsible for a major review of lifelong learning in the UK published in 2009, describe the main proposals from that review and compare them with the 1996 UNESCO report, "The Treasure Within". They find many points of similarity, as well as clear differences. Apart from specific…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Lifelong Learning, Research Reports, Comparative Analysis