Several benchmark studies since 1969 are analyzed. The overall conclusion is that while there is agreement on the necessity to provide high school graduates with a minimum level of computer skills, the computer resources to enable this goal have not been and are not now widely available. (SK)

Review of research on computer technology in education in the United States focuses on four aspects of microcomputer use: (1) quantitative (number of microcomputers available to students and teachers); (2) qualitative (location and use of these computers); (3) the impact of computer use; and (4) hypotheses about nonuse, limited use, and…

Computer assisted instruction is most effective when integrated with regular science and foreign language instruction and used with high or low achieving students as a supplemental activity. It increases student achievement and positively alters student attitudes. It can be a powerful, effective tool helping students gain control of their…

This survey of the literature provides a review and synthesis of research findings and current thought on the use of microcomputers by school children. Modes of learning and taxonomies of learning are described, and the results of recent surveys indicating the number of computers in schools and the amount of access by students are reported.…

This survey conducted for the National Institute of Education reports the use of computers in U.S. public schools in the areas of instructional computing, student accounting, management of educational resources, research, guidance, testing, and library applications. From a stratified random sample of 1800 schools in varying geographic areas and…

Discusses questions of central importance to researchers interested in educational computing, namely long-range, cumulative effects of computer use; cumulative effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior; identification, conceptualization, and study of computers' capabilities carrying the most educational promise; transfer of learning; and…

The two studies reported in this document were commissioned by the Scottish Education Department. The first is a review of research on the effectiveness of computers as resources for learning and teaching. It reports the general findings from a large number of studies concerned with the achievement and attitudes of students and then considers some…

The purpose of this paper is to describe four aspects of computer technology in education in the United States: (1) the number of computers available to students and teachers, the number of schools using software for word processing, drill and practice, educational games, and tutorials, and the number of journals and professional associations…

This report includes a general overview of the literature on computer use at the two-year college level and in specific academic disciplines, and a description of the development of a computer assisted instruction (CAI) program in linear algebra. The literature review was based on articles from journals, Dissertation Abstracts International, a…

Arguing that the results of tool applications of microcomputers in school and business settings are often disappointing, this paper discusses the assumptions underlying tool application in computer-assisted instruction; reviews the literature; and suggests other learning strategies based on student participation and interaction in learning. (57…

Problems and issues related to the financing and use of educational technologies in Arizona schools are addressed from both short- and long-term considerations. A brief review of the spread of computers in schools includes projections for future use of computers in education and a discussion of factors affecting the market, the convergence of…

This systematic review of the literature identifies and classifies motives underlying application of computers in postsecondary education for computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Emphasis is on articles describing operational, realistic applications of computers as teaching tools; motives versus modes of CAI; and motives versus results of CAI…

A review of the literature indicates that, in spite of differences in methodology, faculty surveys permit an explanation of academic psychologist's interest in instructional computing, the current extent of instructional computer use, and the differences between interest and use. All of the studies reviewed indicated a substantial interest in…

This report presents a broad overview of the research and opinions of experts in the field of educational computing, in order to provide information for educators concerning the implementation of microcomputers in education. The document primarily consists of annotations of articles reviewed, which are grouped in five categories. The first section…

A literature review was conducted to examine the current status, advantages, and cost-effectiveness of individualized instruction in industrial training in over 30 companies and training specialists in 11 electronics and computer-related firms were interviewed to determine the current use of individualized instruction in employee training…