This article brings together, summarizes, and comments on several threads of research that have contributed to our understanding of the challenges that novice programmers face when learning about the runtime dynamics of programs and the role of the computer in program execution. More specifically, the review covers the literature on programming…

The improvement of computing courses is a permanent need and is a goal established by any teacher. Suggestions of possible course improvements should be made by teachers and students. Computer project-based courses involving a significant number of people pose difficulties to listening to all their opinions. The purpose of our research is twofold:…

Reviews the use of computers in Great Britain's educational system, and discusses the development of computer science education, computer assisted instruction, standardization of software and hardware, computer awareness, computers in school administration and teacher training, and future trends for educational computing. (RAO)

Ten computer languages are compared and contrasted. A series of programs focusing on the average of two numbers are designed to point out differences in console input, console output, and common arithmetic. (MP)

This report explores the complex agenda of issues, promise, and problems that building a developmental science of programming entails and emphasizes the need to highlight different types of programming and programmers, the different cognitive subtasks involved in programming, and the social character of many programming efforts. An introduction…

Highlights research on computer assisted instruction which should lead educators to the conclusion that there should be a computer in every classroom to improve teacher effectiveness and to enhance student achievement. (NEC)

China will suffer into the future from a shortage of computer professionals. With 75% of her population engaged in agriculture, she has only about 100,000 computer professionals, which is less than can be found within a healthy radius of Stanford University. There are 97 "key universities," but only 10 or 15 stand at the top as the…

In this article, the authors review, critique, and synthesize the emerging research literature from 1994 to 2005 on women's enrollment and persistence in computer-related majors. A thorough examination of 44 empirical studies in scholarly journals reveals that this literature primarily relies on exploratory and descriptive analyses, individualized…

The new possibilities for self-fulfillment while communicating in new and more immediate ways with a growing and changing world that have been opened up by computers should be offered to all young people, and most states have launched campaigns to teach computer literacy. As we implement state-mandated computer literacy curricula, however, we need…

The first article, "LOGO and von Neumann Ideas," deals with the creation of new procedures based on procedures defined and stored in memory as LOGO lists of lists. This representation, which enables LOGO procedures to construct, modify, and run other LOGO procedures, is compared with basic computer concepts first formulated by John von…

This report considers the current and future impact of technology on schools, solutions to existing problems, and major policy questions concerning computer technology's role in education. Experiences of several universities in integrating computers into their programs are reviewed, as well as those of states and local school districts in…

This publication focuses on computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) programs at several higher education institutions which teach the use of computing in manufacturing. The document describes programs at the following institutions: University of Alabama (where researchers are investigating CIM techniques with a key focus on transferring their…

Describes developments in Scottish computer education, highlighting overall policy for information technologies, Scottish Microelectronics Development Programme supporting production of educational software, Department of Industry initiatives, regional initiatives, teacher training in colleges of education, role of Microelectronics Educational…

Teaching of computer programming in elementary and secondary schools has become a very popular activity. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the empirical research on the benefits of learning computer programming on students' cognition abilities. The paper focuses on the question: Do the skills of computer programming transfer to…

Age-related changes in functional ability and work attitude affect job performance, but many variables affect the extent and timing of change for different older workers. Declines due to age occur in sensory/perceptual processes; strength, speed and accuracy of movement, and balance; and cognitive processes. Individuals can compensate for some…