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Subtraction in the United States: An Historical Perspective.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ross, Susan; Pratt-Cotter, Mary – Mathematics Educator, 1997
Reviews the historical development of subtraction algorithms used in the United States. Indicates that the algorithms used to teach subtraction have not changed much in the last 40 years, but in the late 1800s and early 1900s, different algorithms were developed that had a great impact. Contains 22 references. (DDR)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Arithmetic, Concept Formation, Elementary Education
Research into Practice: Multiplication and Division: Sense Making and Meaning.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Kouba, Vicky L.; Franklin, Kathy – Teaching Children Mathematics, 1995
Discusses mathematics education research on multiplication and division which implies that instruction should emphasize development of a sound conceptual basis for multiplication and division rather than memorization of tables and rules. Presents action research ideas. (10 references) (MKR)
Descriptors: Action Research, Algorithms, Arithmetic, Computation
On the Dual Nature of Mathematical Conceptions: Reflections on Processes and Objects as Different Sides of the Same Coin.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Sfard, Anna – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1991
This paper presents a theoretical framework for investigating the role of algorithms in mathematical thinking using a combined ontological-psychological outlook. The intent is to demonstrate that the processes of learning and of problem solving incorporate an elaborate interplay between operational and structural conceptualizations of the same…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures, Concept Formation