A large body of research has shown the effectiveness of formative assessment on student learning. Yet research on teachers' implementation of formative assessment is relatively underdeveloped. In addition, there has been a lack of effective instruments for observing teachers' formative assessment practices. This study focuses on the ongoing…

This study examines and explores the challenges, issues, and problems with their solutions regarding Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education along with the awareness enjoyed by science teachers. The selection of papers for this study was done through systematic literature review techniques. The 11 themes were generated…