Most of the ordinary words in a language do not mean; rather, they act as rigid designators, referring to the same object in all possible words in which the object exists. Most words are names that are used as rigid designators of kinds--natural kinds (species, genre, and so forth), artifacts, physical and social magnitudes, and sorts of…

Provides a survey of the second language literature on the role of formulaic language, focusing on communicative, production, and learning strategy functions of such language. The need to address the theoretical and methodological difficulties surrounding the definition and identification of formulaic language is discussed. (105 references) (MDM)

Noting that metaphor has become a multidisciplinary concern, this monograph examines the concept of metaphor in an educational perspective and describes and analyzes how certain specific metaphors are used in education. To define the concept, the monograph studies different theories of metaphor and previous definitions. To study how metaphor is…