Aims: The aim of this narrative review is to explore the distinctive needs of young people in custody with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the implications for rehabilitation, education, and community inclusion. Some research suggests a higher prevalence of TBI in the youth custodial population (Farrer et al., 2013; Hughes et al., 2015). TBI can…

Background: This meta-analysis of interventions with challenging behaviour in children with disabilities updates a comprehensive meta-analysis that previously addressed reported standards of practice and effectiveness of different strategies. Method: Four effect-size algorithms were calculated for published intervention cases, and results analysed…

Reviews research on overcorrection, a behavior reduction procedure, and considers its applications to special education in terms of punishment aspects and effects on generalization and maintenance. Advantages (including its effectiveness) as well as disadvantages (such as the length of time it requires) are pointed out. (CL)

Emerging approaches for dealing with inappropriate behaviors of the disabled involve conducting a functional or structural behavior analysis to isolate the factors responsible for the aberrant behavior and implementing corrective procedures (often alternatives to punishment) relevant to the function of the inappropriate behavior. (Author/DB)

This paper synthesizes the findings of social skills interventions conducted with 3- to 5-year-old children with disabilities between 1975 and 1999. Provided are study purposes, procedures, measures, and findings as well as analysis of effect size outcomes. Positive outcomes were associated with a range of interventions, including modeling,…

The central role of counseling in the implementation of ecological intervention strategies with handicapped students is examined. Suggestions include increased counseling for the handicapped, behavioral approaches in counseling, counseling in an ecological framework, and counseling both parents and students. (DB)

The review and synthesis of the literature on self-injurious behavior examines characteristics, causes, and both psychological and behavioral management strategies. Six suggestions for educators are offered. (DB)

A meta-analytic review of published and unpublished intervention studies to change teachers' attitudes and behaviors toward students with disabilities was conducted in order to clarify the concepts of exceptionalities, attitudes, and change. The second objective of this study was to examine the moderating variables that may account for disparate…

Types of training considered include selecting target behaviors which are likely to be maintained by natural consequences, promoting self-management skills, and extending stimulus control through creating similarities between the special and regular class settings and matching the regular class reinforcement frequency in the special class. (DB)

This module is designed to provide teachers, teacher trainers, and administrators with an introduction to consultation as a service to support students with disabilities and/or challenging behaviors in their home schools. The module provides a rationale for the use of consultation as a part of school programs, a review of research on its current…

The paper looks at philosophical, heuristic, and practical reasons why behavior management approaches have failed to positively impact on the lives of exceptional Black children. Critiqued are behavior modification techniques, contingency management strategies, suspensions, expulsions, and positive and negative reinforcement. Noted among the…

This article reviews the components of social validation and how they apply to social skills assessment for people with disabilities. Components include the social importance of the intervention outcomes, the social significance of the goals, the appropriateness of the procedures, and determination of the optimal levels for target behaviors.…

The development of behavioral parent training research and changes that have taken place in the field over the past 20 years are reviewed. The author describes the evolution according to three phases. Phase 1, Early Work-Child Focus (1960-1970), is seen to have emphasized the analysis of child behavior change. Phase 2, Mid-Period--Parent Focus…

The article reviewed research on professionals', consumers', and others' judgments of the restrictiveness, social acceptability, and estimated frequency of use of procedures to decrease problem behaviors of disabled persons. Most respondents agreed that more restrictive procedures should be used as a last resort and that less restrictive…

The paper reviews the origins and applications of cognitive behavior modification (CBM), an approach involving exceptional students in their own behavior change. Contributions to CBM are traced from behavior modification, cognitive psychology, and instructional theory and research. Applications (training self-instruction and problem solving) are…