The discussion traces the evolution of the concept of community-based care from a medically-oriented and administered model, to a psychologically-based rehabilitation paradigm, to the present emphasis on independent living. The current status of the "deinstitutionalizing" process in the United States and in Queensland (Australia) is surveyed.…

Significant issues from the normalization literature are appraised, misinterpretations discussed, and the normalization formulations' theoretical status considered. It is found that there are no comprehensive theoretical prepositions or substantial empirical evidence which offer serious challenges to normalization of the disabled. (Author/SW)

The article provides a review of behavioral staff training (focusing on antecedent, contingency management, and multi-faceted procedures) in special education settings, primarily institutions. Techniques are discussed according to such criteria as evaluation of staff behavior, changes in client behavior, inclusion of follow-up observations, and…

This paper reviews 27 studies of parental attitudes on the deinstitutionalization of a family member with disabilities. Studies of existing institutional placements found high levels of satisfaction and opposition to deinstitutionalization, whereas studies of community placements found high levels of satisfaction with community placements and…

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the child and youth care field in Canada. It covers a spectrum of key concerns within the field of child and youth care, and presents an analysis that spans a variety of program areas. The 12 chapters in the book are: (1) "The Scope of Child and Youth Care in Canada" (Roy Ferguson and…

This article provides a legal update on the issue of residential placements for students with disabilities and discusses practice considerations in light of national trends toward greater integration and curbing of rising costs through providing incentives for community-based programs. Practices in Virginia are used as an example. (DB)

A review of the history of special education delivery systems reveals a continuous trend toward progressive inclusion. Because it is now possible to serve all disabled students in neighborhood schools, remote specialized places such as the residential and day school are likely to be eliminated. (Author/DB)

Professions that provide services to people with disabilities typically do so from a clinical perspective. Yet in areas such as education and residential policy, clinical judgment is limited by the influences of nonclinical forces, such as economics, bureaucratic exigency, politics, service traditions, and societal prejudice. (Author/BJV)