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Disadvantaged	2
Literature Reviews	2
Reading Research	2
Bilingual Students	1
Black Students	1
Cognitive Development	1
Curriculum Development	1
Elementary Education	1
Elementary Secondary Education	1
Initial Teaching Alphabet	1
Learning Disabilities	1
Mental Retardation	1
Minority Groups	1
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Standardized Tests	1
Test Wiseness	1
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Reading World

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Downing, John	1
McPhail, Irving P.	1

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Information Analyses	2
Journal Articles	2

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Test Sophistication: An Important Consideration in Judging the Standardized Test Performance of Black Students.

Peer reviewed

McPhail, Irving P. – Reading World, 1979

Suggests that many disadvantaged minority students lack the test wiseness that would permit them to score well on standardized tests and recommends that such students be taught how to take tests. (TJ)

Descriptors: Black Students, Curriculum Development, Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education

Results of Teaching Reading in I.T.A. to Children with Cognitive Defects.

Peer reviewed

Downing, John – Reading World, 1979

Suggests that the initial teaching alphabet has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in teaching reading to bilingual students and to students with reading and cognitive disabilities. (TJ)

Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Cognitive Development, Disadvantaged, Elementary Education