This paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review that answers the research question: how does current literature define effective professional development? In answering this question, a set of design principles for effective professional development have been produced for utilisation by researchers and practitioners within and…

This report is concerned with detailing the processes involved in teaching; this was accomplished through an analysis of existing research literature. It was recognised at the outset of the study that teachers engage with teaching and learning in three related but different ways. They are concerned with processes involving: pedagogic principles…

This paper aims to investigate the methodological bases of the 1991 ELT curriculum for the secondary schools (1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades), the 1997 ELT curriculum for the 4th and 5th grades of the primary education, the 2006 ELT curriculum for the primary education (grades four to eight), 2013 and 2018 ELT curricula for the primary and secondary…

The purpose of this study is to explore not only the principles and aims of education, but also the concepts and principles of happiness in ancient Asian wisdom, especially Indian and Chinese classics as well as religious sutras. In order to investigate this article systematically, three research questions are addressed: First, what are…

For the last few decades, leadership standards have served as a de facto "recommended curriculum" for preparation programs in the United States. In this article, we: (1) share the new National Educational Leadership Preparation (NELP) standards, (2) present the literature supporting the standards, and (3) critically assess the influence…

This literature review is intended to help inform the development and implementation of innovative, educationally sound high school redesigns in Alberta. It is provided as a support resource for school administrators involved in Alberta Education's High School Flexibility Enhancement Project. Support is provided in the following ways: (1) a brief…

Contemporary philosophical and political theories place high hopes on the concept of deliberative democracy. Within educational research, there seems to be widespread agreement that if students are to be educated for deliberative democracy, actual classroom deliberation constitutes an indispensable educational tool. From the standpoint of…

Several definitions of education are reviewed and the intentions of the educators who proposed them are viewed in historical perspective. Various educational objectives and philosophies are explored. (JN)

The Democritean pedagogic credo says that: (1) man can be changed and shaped through education; (2) education should function in correspondence with the theoretical and practical needs of man; (3) education has a strong ethical and ascetic character; and (4) difficulty must be accepted as a unique means of education. (RM)

A literature review of the development of the information technology (IT) curriculum in recent decades in Hong Kong reveals that the aim of the curriculum has shifted from Computer Studies to the development of information literacy (IL). Based on a survey of all schools in Hong Kong and in response to the demand for IL in society, a curriculum…

In an effective middle school, dedicated and knowledgeable staff work cooperatively toward a curriculum based on the needs of a particular group of transescents. Ten essential elements of the middle school curriculum are discussed. (PP)

This paper argues that it is time to think differently about assessing the role of educational technology in the teaching and learning process. The first section addresses the question, "What is learning?" The second section examines the purpose of education. The third section discusses the knowledge base needed to apply educational…

Presented is a comprehensive statement elaborating Principle Seven of the UN's Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Discussed are: aims of education (formal and informal); means of providing education; early childhood education; preparation of personnel (parents, future parents, teachers, social workers, community organizations); books, films,…

Examines the conformity of national education policies of UNESCO member states to the principles of UNESCO's Convention against Discrimination in Education (adopted in 1960). Argues that international organizations play an important role in defining, transmitting worldwide, and institutionalizing (primarily Western) educational principles and…

Teacher education should equip tomorrow's teachers with academic, instructional, and developmental understandings. A three-dimensional teacher education model focusing on these understandings is proposed, and components of each dimension are discussed. (PP)