Current workforce trends show increasing numbers of older workers that will continue to work beyond retirement. To remain competitive, organizations will have to accommodate to emerging needs and provide alternatives to retirement. Scarce literature exists about career transitions beyond retirement. Recent scholarship is reviewed through an…

The recent decline in the labor force participation rates of older Americans is well known and well documented. Dramatic changes in male participation rates occurred between 1968 and 1986. Declines were substantial as early as age 55 and as late as age 70. The trends for older women were much less dramatic. In 1988, nearly half of employed men and…

During the last century the population over age 65 in America has increased fourfold. This dramatic increase requires careful economic and social planning and preparation by society, and consideration of specific programs and policies by Congress. Areas needing special consideration are: (1) employment and retirement; (2) allocatoin of health care…

A model for examining the two basic approaches of encouraging later retirement is presented in which the coercive approach relies primarily on negative incentives such as benefit reductions, and the voluntary approach encourages continued employment through positive incentives and increased employment opportunities. The degree to which these…

The general disposition and effects of prevailing manpower policies and programs for the elderly in the United States suggest that mandatory retirement will eventually be replaced by flexible retirement with no age limit. Inflationary trends may be possible causal factors which reduce post-retirement incomes, increase the age of the work force,…

This information paper explores the need for age-neutral functional criteria in the human resources management system and the need for managers to review currently accepted employment policies. Population patterns, labor force profiles, and labor force projections are reviewed. The paper examines the effect of retirement policies and considers…

The need for a national policy for the development and use of human resources is evident. One part of the human resource development issue centers around the needs of adult workers who are unemployed or threatended with unemployment because of structural changes in the labor market. The issue of retraining adult workers was examined in detail in…

A study analyzed the changing nature of older persons in the labor force, factors that may affect their work decisions, and policy changes that could facilitate their continuation or reentry into the work force beyond the normal retirement age. Data examined during the survey indicate that while the number of people aged 65 and older is continuing…

This document analyzes the labor market problems of displaced older workers. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 describes the magnitude of the problems of unemployment, discouragement, and displacement of older workers. The outcomes of unemployment are discussed, with attention to the duration of unemployment, the effects of displacement, and…

Trends in the labor force participation and unemployment of older workers were reviewed in a study. A declining rate of labor force participation by older men and a growth in participation by older women were noticed. Examination of labor force participation rates by race revealed a higher participation rate for minority women than for older white…

As demographic changes and new labor supply requirements develop in the years ahead, older workers are sure to become even more important to employers and to society as a whole. To date, most employers have just begun to formulate policies to manage an aging work force in a changing economy. Some firms, however, have begun to respond pragmatically…

The population of the United States is aging and will age even more rapidly in the coming years. Yet our public and private retirement and benefits policies continue to favor early retirement--in spite of clear demographic trends, in spite of legislation raising the mandatory retirement age from 65 to 70, in spite of the fact that many of our…

Research synthesized from three studies of the Finnish labor market indicates that a rapidly changing working life in Finland (and the rest of Europe) sets many different challenges for the workforce. In Finland, the population is even more aged than in the other European Union (EU) member states, and the transition of older workers to retirement…