Introduction: The digital era is reshaping not only technology and economy but also the legal systems governing democratic societies. The rapid emergence of artificial intelligence, big data, and digitisation calls for proactive adaptation of legal frameworks. This article explores the intersection of digital transformation and the rule of law,…

Discussions on citizenship always reflect broader political debates on the desired moral fabrics of a society. Evolving from a merely national subject, questions on children and young people's citizenship and citizenship education have over the past decades gained interest in European policy. Through a thematical-rhetorical analysis of European…

The study reported on here was intended to reveal the existence and direction of education democracy in Indonesia with regard to the regulations, the implementation models, problems, and future prospects. The data were obtained from various written materials of official government policy records, namely, laws, ministerial regulations, curriculum…

This article seeks to analyse how epistemic work (Alasuutari, 2018; Alasuutari and Qadir, 2019) in Portuguese parliamentary education debates develops through externalisation to world situations (Schriewer, 1990) whose references are used as epistemic capital (Alasuutari, 2018). The study explores debates occurring during Legislature X…

Purpose: This paper aims to understand the debate about what constitutes good education in the Netherlands. The meaning of the concept of democracy in these public debates is divergent and rather diffuse. If teachers, citizens, advisory councils, and the Dutch government agree that democracy ought to be anchored in future education, we first and…

Purpose: To know and study the participation of young students and their voice in decision-making in their schools in a competitive education regulated by excellence. To understand if and how students are involved in the democratic management of schools, given that these young people are involved globally, with an active participation in society.…

Globally, the World Bank's neoliberal agenda has reframed inclusive education through its investment projects and inclusive policies, thus begetting unevenness and social inequalities. Accordingly, in South Africa, the World Bank's neoliberal investment projects and inclusive policies exacerbate the exclusion of learners in schools. The critical…

In this study, the curricula of citizenship, democracy and human rights developed from 1926 to 2018 were examined in depth with the aim of determining changes, transformations and developments. As a qualitative study based on document analysis, the curricula were chronologically named as the 1926 and 1936 Homeland Knowledge Curriculum, the 1948…

This article deals with visual representations of children in social and natural science primary education textbooks from Spain and Portugal during the final years of dictatorship, transition to democracy, democratic consolidation, and democracy between 1965 and 1995. It explores ways in which children are addressed and made visible in social and…

In this article, I attempt to conceptually analyze points of disagreement among the students of the first democratic high school in Norway, The Experimental Gymnasium of Oslo (EGO). The clashes and disagreements among the students started heating up immediately after the school was opened in the fall of 1967. As they were learning how to run their…

Reviewing existing literature and policy documents concerning leadership of parent and student in school councils after World War II, up to the present day, the goal of this paper is to examine how to have parent and student council policies developed in Poland, what solutions exist in the area of educational policy concerning student and parent…

This paper reviews the literature on citizenship education and examines the factors that have influenced trends in citizenship education in the Republic of Turkey since its foundation in 1923. The aim of this paper is to discuss the general tendencies and practices in citizenship education that have shaped how Turkish youth perceived citizenship…

Purpose: In this Report we analyse the place of civic education in the Greek Education system. The integration of civic education into education since 1982 represents a major step forward in the upgrading of general education. However the curricula are mainly characterised by teacher-centred approaches, with a strong emphasis on the achievement of…

This paper traces the location of the principles of India's Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, in the country's most recent National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and the documents leading up to the policy. It draws on the capability development approach and critical theory that facilitate understanding education as…

Education 4.0 (E4) aims to improve the teaching-learning process and democratize access to quality education by using Industry 4.0 technologies in educational environments. The main objective of this article is to propose a framework containing a package of policies and initiatives for the drivers of society (industry, government, and academia) to…