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Todd, Brenda K.; Fischer, Rico A.; Di Costa, Steven; Roestorf, Amanda; Harbour, Kate; Hardiman, Paul; Barry, John A. – Infant and Child Development, 2018
From an early age, most children choose to play with toys typed to their own gender. In order to identify variables that predict toy preference, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies of the free selection of toys by boys and girls aged between 1 and 8 years. From an initial pool of 1788 papers, 16 studies (787 boys and 813 girls)…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Young Children, Toys, Preferences
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Fairclough, Stuart J.; Stratton, Gareth – Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2006
Regular physical activity participation throughout childhood provides benefits to physical (Malina, Bouchard, & Bar-Or, 2004), physiological (Andersen, Wedderkopp, Hansen, Cooper, & Froberg, 2003), and psychological health (Mutrie & Parfitt, 1998). In recognition of these benefits, guidelines have been published in the United States…
Descriptors: Physical Education, Elementary School Students, Literature Reviews, Physical Activity Level
Mullis, Ina V. S.; Martin, Michael O.; Gonzalez, Eugenio J.; Chrostowski, Steven J. – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2004
The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003 is the most recent in a very ambitious series of international assessments conducted in nearly 50 countries to measure trends in mathematics and science learning. The aim of TIMSS, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, is to improve the teaching and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 8, Grade 4, Mathematics Teachers