Background: Personalized learning (PL), conceptualized as an education innovation that tailors learning to meet diverse student needs, has drawn increased attention from different fields of study, such as education, learning sciences, and computer science. Regardless, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of PL instructional designs…

Explores basic issues generated by opponents of humanism. Discusses the beliefs stated in the Humanist Manifesto and compares the beliefs of Type One humanists who emphasize reason and logic and Type Two humanists who emphasize experiential, affective approaches. Stresses the need for clarification of beliefs. (JAC)

Foreign language learning/acquisition is a highly complex intellectual-psychic/physical-social integration process that is different for each individual. Cognitive and affective emphases for language acquisition are discussed, along with changes in the student-teacher relationship and implications for teacher education. (Authors/PP)

Some students do not "take to" computers as a learning tool. Reasons for this include inappropriate software; use of the same software for all students rather than accommodation of different interests, needs, and learning styles; and various handicaps (both physical and mental). For example, many students prefer a holistic approach;…