Discusses three issues related to the use of positive and negative examples during instruction: sequence, quality, and quantity of examples. Some possible resolutions based on available research evidence and theoretical work in the field are suggested. Twenty-eight references are listed. (Author/LLS)

Describes and differentiates the main types of integrated language and content instruction, presents arguments in favor of it, discusses some of the promising materials and programs currently in place or under development, and identifies priorities for the 1990s. (40 references) (GLR)

Arguing that the failure of instructional materials is frequently due to misconceptions held by their developers concerning the nature of comprehension, this chapter examines the factors involved in comprehension and relates them to the design of instructional materials. Three types of errors in comprehension are discussed, and ways to avoid them…

This extensive review of research on the development of print materials covers text readability, structure of the prose, and organizational and format features of the text. Practical guidelines for developing textual materials that can be supported by empirical research are also presented. Conclusions are then drawn from the literature, and areas…

A review of the research literature on systematic instructional design indicates that few empirically supported guidelines exist for testing materials under development and for improving materials on the basis of feedback from potential learners. In an analysis of 17 textbooks on instructional design, eight specific aspects to be considered in…

A sequel to the booklet "How Games and Simulations Can Be Used in Tertiary Education," this booklet begins by looking at ways in which participative exercises of the game/simulation/case study type can be used by teachers and trainers working in further and higher education. A process for the identification of a clearly-defined need for…

Introduces some general concepts and techniques of artificial intelligence (natural language interfaces, expert systems, knowledge bases and knowledge representation, heuristics, user-interface metaphors, and object-based environments) and investigates ways these techniques might be applied to analysis, design, development, implementation, and…

A detailed perspective on the current status of interactive videodiscs is provided, along with brief examples of their present uses in education. Considerations in program development and evaluation are also discussed. A substantial list of references accompanies the article. (Author/PP)

A review of the literature on systematic instructional design suggests that few empirically tested guidelines exist for testing and revising materials during the development stages. The revision process can broadly be based on one of two distinct strategies, internal review or developmental testing. Internal review strategies include referring…

Explores why "learning" and "object" have been combined in the field of instructional technology. Examines why current definitions of these terms are lacking when looked at from a standards and interoperability point of view. Suggests a new definition with a rationale to satisfy needs of technologists for precise, practical…

This report discusses the impact of and presents guidelines for developing a computer-aided instructional (CAI) system. The first section discusses CAI in terms of the need for the countries of Asia to increase their economic self-sufficiency. The second section examines various theories on the nature of learning with special attention to the role…

Reviews research and development projects sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that address microcomputer-based support for instructional activities at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. Highlights include a graphics project, local area networks, and the Interactive Presentation Development System, which is…

This document summarizes 161 research and development activities in agricultural education that were completed between July 1, 1982, and June 30, 1983. The projects, which are listed by state, represent research and development efforts undertaken at 34 institutions in 30 states and include 78 master's studies or theses, 37 doctoral dissertations,…

This document summarizes 174 research and development activities in agricultural education that were completed between July 1, 1983, and June 30, 1984. The projects, which are listed by state, represent research and development efforts undertaken at 33 institutions in 30 states and include 86 master's studies or theses, 39 doctoral dissertations,…