Compares and contrasts the current development of needs analysis and needs assessment through a review of the literature, and offers recommendations designed to restore systems thinking to front-end analysis in organizational and instructional development. The roles of needs assessment and needs analysis in a performance technology model are…

This text, now in its fourth edition, provides an understanding of the diversity and use of models used to portray the instructional development (ID) process, while reflecting the many changes in the field that have occurred since publication of the last edition in 1997. Beginning with the belief that an ID model should be selected based on the…

This chapter examines the relationship between education, educational technology, and instructional development. The Universe of Learning model and the China Syndrome (i.e., the tendency to see oneself, one's activities, or one's interests as being at the center of things) are discussed in relation to student development, faculty development,…

Designed to serve as an introduction to instructional development for the teacher or graduate student who has not read extensively in the field, this chapter presents an operational definition of the instructional development process; explores the human dimensions of the process; provides graphic models of instructional development; and makes…

Reviews factors leading to the successful implementation of the Instructional Systems Development (ISD) Model and derives implications for the design of an ISD users training program. Military and civilian ISD models are discussed, and recommendations for further research and development are given. Seventy-eight references are listed. (LRW)

This paper, which updates and expands on a paper by Twelker and others that identified and described five instructional development (ID) models, presents a taxonomy for classifying ID models, comments on the limited degree of testing to which most ID models have been subjected, reviews 13 models, and provides a selected, annotated bibliography of…

Developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional development, has been defined as the systematic study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness. Developmental research is particularly important in the field of instructional…

This chapter presents and analyzes current developments in the evolution of the instructional development model. First, basic definitions of general systems and instructional development model terms are provided, and the differing uses of the terms instructional development, instructional technology, and educational technology are considered. The…

This literature review discusses the nature of instructional development (ID) and the ID movement, and examines the factors affecting the success of ID in higher education, focusing in particular on the organization and implementation of ID programs. The role of ID agencies is discussed and the various characteristics of such agencies are…

Provides a summary of a series of research and development projects which investigated the reasons for failure in educational technology-based systems of instruction. Develops a new approach to the design of such systems and their subsequent implementation and control. A 17-item bibliography is included. (Author/CHC)

This booklet begins by examining the role played by evaluation in course and curriculum development, and then shows how the basic "error elimination" approach advocated by the philosopher Karl Popper can be used as a basis for the on-going evaluation of instructional systems. Next, two contrasting paradigms of evaluation are described,…

This paper identifies projects that have successfully applied the systems approach to instructional design and points to situations where that approach may be inappropriate. A method which relies on strict sequencing of objectives and means may not be easily adaptable for individualized programs in which means and ends emerge from instructional…

An examination of the origin and content of general systems theory is followed by identification of the major characteristics of systems and brief discussion of use of models. Two ways of applying a systems model are identified and their appropriateness is assessed in relation to particular training circumstances. (55 references). (Author/MBR)

Discussion of the use of telecommunications highlights projects designed by the New York City Board of Education to investigate telecommunications alternatives for the classroom. Telecommunications systems models are described, including electronic bulletin boards and networking; and instructional models are explained, including computer mediated…

Discusses educational developers, their role in the preparation and delivery of distance education courses, and their interaction with teachers. Highlights include theories of educational development; a systems approach to educational technology; curriculum planning; setting educational objectives; designing instruction; and student assessment and…