This article updates the integrative strategy instruction (ISI) model used with adolescents with learning disabilities; addresses motivation, evaluation, and implementation issues; reviews research concerning the impact of ISI on students, its social validity with teachers and students, and its relation to motivation; and clarifies differences…

This article presents major principles of constructivism for teaching and learning of students with disabilities and those at risk for school failure. It describes three idealized constructivist models (endogenous, exogenous, and dialectical) and explores major issues related to constructivism, including the possibility of integrative stances.…