Human communication is a complex process. For individuals from different regional, ethnic, or racial backgrounds, communication may be difficult. Focuses on some common ways individuals fail to communicate clearly and the significance of this failure for social work practice. (Author)

Presents the various stages of the group process in terms of developmental tasks that pinpoint the relationship between process and structure. The tasks provide a conceptual foundation for use of group techniques by identifying specific purposes in group development. (Author)

This review of the literature on effects attributable to the sex variable in counselor-client interactions is designed to identify situational and contextual factors which may be detrimental in establishing and maintaining the counselor-client relationship as well as provide understanding and assistance in alleviating attitudinal and behavioral…

All available research in which a therapeutic expectancy was directly assessed and than related to a measure of outcome was reviewed. The review revealed that across all studies both client and therapist expectancies appear related to improvement; however, in the better-designed research a differential pattern emerges in which client expectancy no…

This paper reviews the empirical research on the nature of the consultant-consultee relationship within school based consultation programs. It finds that the fundamental assumption of collaborative consultation, that both consultant and consultee are equal partners, is rarely the case. Specifically, it finds that the effective consultant controls…

Skills training, personal-emotional development, and cognitive development are areas of importance in counselor training and education. Emotion, defined as the counselor's experiencing a strong feeling accompanied by physiological activity and the interruption, however momentary, of the counselor's ongoing cognition, is a critical factor in…