Recent studies have concluded that children's development of private speech (private speech internalization) is related to and important for developing mathematical ability. In this article, we review a project consisting of studies exploring the cognitive factors that may underlie differences between the use of private speech by children with…

This article reviews relevant literature that addresses the issue of self-regulated online mathematics learning for mathematically gifted students. The definition of self-regulated learning is explored, together with a discussion of its important role in online mathematics education. The evidence strongly supports the value of online learning as a…

Fractions are an essential foundational skill for future mathematics success (NMAP, 2008). The purpose of this article was to review current instructional practices for teaching fractions to struggling learners and to examine the quality and effectiveness of contemporary research with a view to indicating directions for future research. A…

The authors completed a narrative review of studies of mathematics interventions from 1996 to 2010 for helping elementary school students with difficulties in mathematics solve word problems. Key instructional components supported by research are teaching cognitive and metacognitive skills; schema-based instruction focusing on semantic analysis,…

Designed to enhance the completion of math tasks, high-preference strategy consists of presenting math tasks that students prefer, to enhance their interest in completing difficult math tasks. In this article, a brief review of the literature related to the use of the high-preference strategy is provided along with directions on how to implement…

Research regarding the characteristics and applications of "errorless" learning methods (stimulus shaping, stimulus fading, and superimposition) indicates that such methods provide a means of designing instruction and materials to facilitate the acquisition of skills, with minimal or no errors, by "difficult to teach" students.…

Sixth grade students (N=8) identified as poor spellers significantly benefited from remedial instruction involving structural word analysis and self-questioning strategy, suggesting that effective spelling instruction involves conveying knowledge of phonics and the linguistic structure of words (domain specific knowledge) and knowledge of spelling…

This article on using mnemonics with students having learning and behavior problems first offers a case study of a 7th grade student and then describes the letter strategy, the keyword mnemonic method, and the pegword method. Seven steps for implementing mnemonic strategies are offered. An inset reviews the research literature on using mnemonic…

Reviews research efforts in learning styles and approaches to learning focusing on effects of the medical school environment. Addresses teaching, curriculum, assessment, and implications for undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education. Concludes that medical students should be using the deep approach to learning although traditional…

The Process Assessment model focuses on the task, the student, and the environment. Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis, a diagnostic procedure consistent with the model, was used to evaluate a fourth grade student's reading difficulties, resulting in the implementation of several interventions to provide feedback and increase self-monitoring. (CB)

Presents an overview of problems involved in identifying and defining "learning-disabled" students. Confusion is caused by varying state definitions and different interpretations of state and federal laws. Discusses the neuroscientific approach to classifying student learning styles and the ways in which the learning-disabled label is sometimes…

Empirical findings on the efficiency of memory processes in exceptional children are outlined. Cognitive deficits are considered to be central to many academic and social skill problems of children with mental retardation and learning and behavior problems. In response, educators and psychologists have devised ways of training such students to use…

New conceptions of learning, analogy, and capacity have fundamentally changed scientists' view of cognitive development. New conceptions of learning help to explain how representations of the world are acquired. New models of analogical reasoning have suggested that logical inferences are often made by mapping a problem into a mental model, or…

This article uses a cognitive problem-solving model to explore the application of hypermedia authoring software to mathematics in general and to mathematical problem solving in particular. Hypermedia is presented as a method of exploring alternative solution processes to remediate or prevent learning problems. (JDD)

The development of fluency in beginning readers is a gradual process that often involves different oral strategies such as word-by-word reading, pointing to words, and reading aloud to oneself. A review of research related to these behaviors and to corresponding spelling behaviors suggests a number of implications for instruction, including the…