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Powell, Robert G.; Nicholson, James L., III – 1984
Proactive teachers do not simply react to student behavior but use their thorough understanding of classroom communication to shape the pattern of class interaction. Proactive teachers are characterized by their recognition of the mutual influence of teachers and students in the learning process, their participation in social perspective taking,…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Classroom Communication, Classroom Environment, Communication Research
Peer reviewedJohnson, David W.; Johnson, Roger T. – Review of Educational Research, 1979
Research indicates that classroom controversy facilitates student problem solving, creativity, perspective taking, epistemic curiosity, conceptual conflict, and transition in stages of cognitive and moral reasoning. Thus, creating controversy is an important teaching strategy for increasing learning and intellectual development. Conditions…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Conflict
