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Assessment of Key Characteristics, Methodology, and Effect Size Measures Used in Meta-Analysis of Human-Health-Related Animal Studies
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Hooijmans, Carlijn R.; Donders, Rogier; Magnuson, Kristen; Wever, Kimberley E.; Ergün, Mehmet; Rooney, Andrew A.; Walker, Vickie; Langendam, Miranda W. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Since the early 1990s the number of systematic reviews (SR) of animal studies has steadily increased. There is, however, little guidance on when and how to conduct a meta-analysis of human-health-related animal studies. To gain insight about the methods that are currently used we created an overview of the key characteristics of published…
Descriptors: Animals, Health Education, Educational Research, Meta Analysis
Predicting Risk Sensitivity in Humans and Lower Animals: Risk as Variance or Coefficient of Variation
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Weber, Elke U.; Shafir, Sharoni; Blais, Ann-Renee – Psychological Review, 2004
This article examines the statistical determinants of risk preference. In a meta-analysis of animal risk preference (foraging birds and insects), the coefficient of variation (CV), a measure of risk per unit of return, predicts choices far better than outcome variance, the risk measure of normative models. In a meta-analysis of human risk…
Descriptors: Probability, Risk, Animals, Predictor Variables
Spontaneous Recovery
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Rescorla, Robert A. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Spontaneous recovery from extinction is one of the most basic phenomena of Pavlovian conditioning. Although it can be studied by using a variety of designs, some procedures are better than others for identifying the involvement of underlying learning processes. A wide range of different learning mechanisms has been suggested as being engaged by…
Descriptors: Animals, Learning Strategies, Learning Theories, Classical Conditioning
Role for Animal Research in the Investigation of Human Mental Retardation.
Anderson, Britt – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1994
A general learning impairment model and a reasoning insight model, both in rats, were reviewed for parallels to theories of human cognitive deficiency, leading to the conclusion that animal models of the cognitive deficiency states of mental retardation are underutilized and that human mental retardation researchers would benefit from greater…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Cognitive Processes, Learning Theories, Mental Retardation
Chunking and Consolidation: A Theoretical Synthesis of Semantic Networks, Configuring in Conditioning, S--R Versus Cognitive Learning, Normal Forgetting, the Amnesic Syndrome, and the Hippocampal Arousal System.
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Wickelgren, Wayne A. – Psychological Review, 1979
The relationship between current information processing and prior associative theories of human and animal learning, memory, and amnesia are discussed. The paper focuses on the two components of the amnesic syndrome, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. A neural theory of chunking and consolidation is proposed. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Association (Psychology), Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes
Emotion, Emotional Expression, and the Cognitive-Physiological Interaction: A Readout View.
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Buck, Ross – 1982
A basic tenet of this paper is that, from the time of the ancient Greeks, Western thought has distinguished between rational processes unique to humans and the processes governing animal behavior. A model of motivation, emotion, and the cognitive/physiological interaction that can be applied to both animals and humans is presented. The special…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Adults, Affective Behavior, Animal Behavior