The notion of the continuum is applied to special education in diverse contexts across many nations. This article explores its conceptual underpinnings, drawing on a systematic search of the literature to review recurring ideas associated with the notion and to explicate both its uses and shortcomings. Through a thematic analysis of the…

This is an exploratory study suggesting ways of analysing challenges for developing countries in the move to greater inclusion of disabled children and young people in learning. The paper focuses on pedagogical challenges to realising more inclusive education. Pedagogy encompasses not only the practice of teaching and learning, but also the ideas…

The author reviews findings from a four-year study of mainstreaming programs, notes complaints of regular classroom teachers, describes successful approaches to promote integration, and discusses a range of mainstreaming models from informal "deals" between teachers to unconditional mainstreaming. (CL)

The paper summarizes the research literature on educating children with severe learning difficulties in ordinary schools, describes individual integration schemes, and presents an organizational model for integrating British children with severe learning difficulties into ordinary schools. (Author/JDD)

Issues are discussed that arose in the training and implementation of the Advanced Learning Environments Model (an approach to restructuring educational services to accommodate full-time mainstreaming of most mildly handicapped elementary students) at two sites. A brief description of the model and sites is followed by specific issues. (Author/PB)

The paper presents a model for the integrating classroom in accordance with Chapter 71A (which deals with bilingual education) and Chapter 766 (which mandates the provision of educational programs tailored to each student's special needs) of Massachusetts Legislation. Listed among goals for the model classroom are the following: to provide an…

The paper is a product of the 3-year project, "Functional Mainstreaming for Success," designed to develop a model for instructional mainstreaming of handicapped children (3-6 years old) in community settings. The paper reviews the literature defining "mainstreaming," notes that mainstreaming is not the wholesale return of exceptional students from…

The paper questions whether the school consultation model which provides services to learning disabled students has a sound theoretical base. Included are an examination of 10 different models of consultation and their relationship to theory and a review of studies on facilitating the mainstreaming of learning disabled and other low achieving…

The integration of hearing impaired students in regular schools in Nigeria is examined. The academic and social problems confronting them are listed. A reverse integration plan and the Nigerian version of the Holcomb plan (whereby hearing impaired students are mainstreamed for part of their education and are supported with a number of services…

In establishing appropriate social behaviors in mainstreamed severely handicapped students, it is important to understand the frustrations encountered in specific environments, the distinction between adaptive and appropriate behaviors, and the behaviors which may serve as transitions to more adaptive behaviors (such as communication of ideas). A…

The article examines the strengths and weaknesses of current special education practices and suggests alternatives that may facilitate the integration of special educators into the mainstream of education. (SB)

The paper is a product of the 3-year project, "Functional Mainstreaming for Success," designed to develop a model for instructional mainstreaming of handicapped children (3-6 years old) in community settings. The literature on in-service training needs of regular teachers teaching handicapped children in the mainstream is reviewed and a proposal…

The paper is a product of the 3-year project, "Functional Mainstreaming for Success," designed to develop a model for instructional mainstreaming of handicapped children (3-6 years old) in community settings. The paper reviews research on parent involvement in their children's mainstreaming along with variables that may promote or discourage…

Ten problem areas associated with research conducted with the Adaptive Learning Environment Model (ALEM) are delineated. Concerns about the implementation of this model in an effort to improve the interfacing of regular and special education are expressed in four areas: generalizability, level of learning, personnel and funding, and practical…

The paper distinguishes American and Canadian applications of the terms "mainstreaming" and "integration" in relation to placement of exceptional children in settings which foster interaction between them and their non-handicapped peers such as regular classes in neighborhood schools. The two terms are seen to represent…