Based on J. E. Grunig's four models of public relations practice (press agent/publicity, public information, and two-way asymmetric and two-way symmetric practice), this paper examines the potential applicability of these models to internal communication systems in organizations. Following an introduction, in which Grunig's models are briefly…

Noting that little theory has been developed to explain how and why organizations choose to manage public relations, this paper argues that theorists cannot improve the practice of public relations until they can explain what public relations is and what it contributes to the functions of an organization. The paper addresses that issue by…

"Breadth of perspective" is a significant concept for definition of public goals, especially in line with the two-way symmetric model of public relations practice. The concept involves four components: (1) awareness that more than one definition, stand, or conclusion is possible and is probably accepted as valid by significant persons or…

Albert Einstein and the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) conducted a reform-based public communication campaign for the international control of atomic energy after the Second World War. The Committee raised funds and sought publicity for its proposed solution to the problem of war and the management of peace. Its solution was the…

The purpose of this study was to stimulate scholarly investigation of a conflict systems model for news media and the interaction of sources in the wake of an expose. A search of the literature led to nine tentative axioms that focus attention on systemic conflict of media and sources related to cover-ups and suggested additional theory…

Presents a theoretical description of public relations for scholars, practitioners, and students. Suggests it is useful to view public relations as an area of study. Describes how the public relations process has applications in research and theory development, pedagogy, and practice. (MS)

A participatory model of public relations proposed by Dean Kruckeberg and Kenneth Starck would seek not to serve a public but to build a sense of community. In this model the advocacy focus of the publicity model is dropped and there is a movement toward relationships rather than selling products and services. Leaving behind the journalistic…

Recent research describes the two components of a collaboration ethic model--person-centered attributes and organizational-level elements. Camps can implement these components within camp; among friends of the camp (alumni, community, and parents); and between camps, resulting in strengthened communities, learning, and increased effectiveness. (TD)

Thirteen evaluation methods are analyzed by orientation. Typically, clients want politically advantageous studies; evaluators prefer questions-oriented studies; audiences favor a values orientation. Evaluators must recognize the narrow scope of question-oriented studies and the perspectives of client and audience. (CP)

The Educational Services Process Model described in this guide is made up of six interactive and interdependent elements functionally related to the common goal of student success. After part I traces the evolution of student services in the community college, part II presents 10 assumptions for planning, highlighting the need for staff…