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Can the Brain Be Trained? Comparing the Literature on the Use of EEG Biofeedback/Neurofeedback as an Alternative or Complementary Therapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Stankus, Tony – Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 2008
Psychologists, social workers, and school counselors are increasingly adding neurofeedback (NFT), a controversial alternative or complementary therapy to their treatment plans for patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. NFT involves training the patient in self-regulation of brain wave patterns, employing a standard diagnostic…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Brain, Diagnostic Tests, Biofeedback
Predicting Danger: The Nature, Consequences, and Neural Mechanisms of Predictive Fear Learning
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McNally, Gavan P.; Westbrook, R. Frederick – Learning & Memory, 2006
The ability to detect and learn about the predictive relations existing between events in the world is essential for adaptive behavior. It allows us to use past events to predict the future and to adjust our behavior accordingly. Pavlovian fear conditioning allows anticipation of sources of danger in the environment. It guides attention away from…
Descriptors: Fear, Anxiety, Animals, Nonverbal Learning
Chunking and Consolidation: A Theoretical Synthesis of Semantic Networks, Configuring in Conditioning, S-R versus Cognitive Learning, Normal Forgetting, the Amnesic Syndrome, and the Hippocampal Arousal System.
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Wickelgren, Wayne A. – Psychological Review, 1979
Horizontal vs vertical associative memory is defined. Vertical associative memory involves chunking--specifying new nodes representing combinations of old nodes. Chunking is the basis of semantic memory and cognitive learning. The hippocampal (limbic) arousal system is critical to the chunking process; its disruption produces the amnesic syndrome.…
Descriptors: Association (Psychology), Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Conditioning
Brain Mechanisms of Extinction of the Classically Conditioned Eyeblink Response
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Thompson, Richard F.; Robleto, Karla; Poulos, Andrew M. – Learning & Memory, 2004
It is well established that the cerebellum and its associated circuitry are essential for classical conditioning of the eyeblink response and other discrete motor responses (e.g., limb flexion, head turn, etc.) learned with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). However, brain mechanisms underlying extinction of these responses are still…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Perceptual Motor Learning, Behavioral Science Research
Brain and Language.
Damasio, Antonio R., Damasio, Hanna – Scientific American, 1992
Discusses the advances made in understanding the brain structures responsible for language. Presents findings made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomographic (PET) scans to study brain activity. These findings map the structures in the brain that manipulate concepts and those that turn concepts into words. (MCO)
Descriptors: Biology, Classical Conditioning, Concept Formation, Definitions
The Biological Basis of Learning and Individuality.
Kandel, Eric R.; Hawkins, Robert D. – Scientific American, 1992
Describes the biological basis of learning and individuality. Presents an overview of recent discoveries that suggest learning engages a simple set of rules that modify the strength of connection between neurons in the brain. The changes are cited as playing an important role in making each individual unique. (MCO)
Descriptors: Biology, Classical Conditioning, Cognitive Processes, Definitions