Under conditions of suboptimal parental care, children with specific temperamental features have been shown to be especially vulnerable to the effects of stress. Most studies of temperamentally vulnerable children have been conducted using parental questionnaires, which are unfortunately not completely objective. An alternative approach, the use…

This paper reviews empirical research related to the personality and affective characteristics of gifted students in the Israeli educational context. The educational backdrop for the research is described and group differences in personality, emotional intelligence, self-identity, and mental health are discussed. Conclusions include a number of…

This study brings an evidence-based review of user individual characteristics employed as sources of adaptation in recent adaptive learning systems. Twenty-two user individual characteristics were explored in a systematically designed search procedure, while 17 of them were identified as sources of adaptation in final selection. The content…

Effective learning is strongly related to effective teacher and effective teaching. In this concept, teachers' characteristics gain crucial importance in understanding and lessening the problems and difficulties hindering students' long lasting learning process. The aim of this study is to present a literature review about the features of an…

We are grateful to the commentators for providing many stimulating and valuable observations. The main point of our article was to call attention to the overestimation of individual differences correlations in a subset of neuroimaging papers. To structure our discussion of these comments, we list the main points from our paper, note where…

Research and metaanalyses suggest fundamental commonalities among measures of cognition, affect, and conation, yielding trait complexes that are differentially related to career choices and intellectual development. A counseling framework involves movement away from typological representations of vocational and avocational interests,…

This review highlights consistent patterns in the literature associating positive affect (PA) and physical health. However, it also raises serious conceptual and methodological reservations. Evidence suggests an association of trait PA and lower morbidity and of state and trait PA and decreased symptoms and pain. Trait PA is also associated with…

Nightmares are common, occurring weekly in 4%-10% of the population, and are associated with female gender, younger age, increased stress, psychopathology, and dispositional traits. Nightmare pathogenesis remains unexplained, as do differences between nontraumatic and posttraumatic nightmares (for those with or without posttraumatic stress…

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to summarize the rich and growing body of research that draws from parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory) and associated measures as used throughout the Arab world. Methodology. This body of work includes more than 100 studies that explore the reliability and validity of Arabic adaptations of…

A review of literature on sensitivity as an affective characteristic of gifted persons is presented. A multifaceted approach to sensitivity is proposed, conceptualizing it as consisting of cognitive and affective dimensions of both interpersonal and intrapersonal sensitivity. The psychological concepts of self-awareness, perspective taking,…

A description is given of some of the conditions surrounding schooling and education today which result in more stress for teachers and others directly involved with education. Working definitions of key terms pertaining to stress and teacher burnout are presented along with a general breakdown of some sources of stress. (JD)

Describes various models of learning styles and speculates on their applicability to distance education practice and research. Topic discussed include field dependence and independence; the Kolb Model; hemisphericity; sensory preferences; the Jungian approach; Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); and psychological factors including age, sex…

Initial steps have been taken at the national and state levels to eventually implement more rigorous procedures for screening and selecting teacher candidates. In most instances, however, the early stages of this process have focused primarily upon academic criteria for selection. Several research projects in recent years have attempted to…

The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) policy statement on multiculturalism lists learning style as an important concern for science teachers. Several recent studies have considered the learning styles of minority children. Notable among them is the study of J. Hale (1986) that lists a number of characteristics of African-American…

Although consensus on the meaning of depression exists, theories vary widely regarding its source. Depression is essentially an affective disorder; however, because the assessment of sadness is difficult, most psychological theories of depression have focused on some nonaffective component of depression, such as activity level, cognitive…