Educational policy is often developed using a top-down approach. Recently, there has been a concerted shift in policy for educators to develop programs and research proposals that evolve from "scientific" studies and focus less on their intuition, aided by professional wisdom. This article analyzes several national and international…

American youth service history gives some clues to the barriers the nation faces in creating a comprehensive and effective system for youth at risk. Barriers to effective youth service grow out of this history and in part contribute to it. The engine that has driven youth services--and the misperceptions that drive those services--is the theory of…

Because health promotion is a relatively new concept in Europe, a study was undertaken to gather information on informal and organized health promoting behavior and programs in Europe. The study attempts, through a review of literature, interviews, and surveys, to clarify the meaning of health promotion in both theory and practice and to identify…

Reviews the research on summer vocational programs and suggests how to justify a summer program. Presents major criticisms of summer vocational agriculture instructors and programs. Discusses acceptable summer activities (for example, those centering around students within the local community) and planning summer programs. (LRA)

Six papers focusing on educational change in occupational education are presented. The first paper, by Ronald Havelock, provides a historical review of innovation research models and discusses how the various models have progressed culminating in the Linkage Model. The next three papers address conceptual issues in innovation research. The paper…

An overview is presented of school programs that utilize the resources of the local community as an educational tool. Examples are presented of ways in which successful field trip programs have been organized and administered. Included in this report are citations of articles and documents available from the ERIC information system. (JD)

Historically, articulation linkages between secondary and post-secondary institutions have focused on admissions and recruitment. However, with the rising aspirations of minority groups and the addition of community colleges to the educational continuum, educational articulation must take on new, more comprehensive dimensions. The articulation…

Establishing a marketing and public relations program to improve community perceptions of public schooling involves identifying community expectations, determining whether "inequalities of exchange" are occurring between the school and the community, gaining support of both students and staff, deciding what needs to be communicated to…

The intent of this paper is to examine the issues, problems, implications, rationale, and basic assumptions behind the reexamination of the need for a generally accepted national policy for vocational education. The paper is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 establishes a framework to use in dealing with the main issues. The second chapter…

Three papers discuss the needs, interests, and participation of adults in learning activities. Generally, the papers deal with influences upon the possible demand for lifelong learning in the future. In the first paper K. Patricia Cross synthesizes findings from thirty-one state and national studies concerning the patterns of participation and…