Victor E. Frankl's theories concerning suffering and the meaning of life are discussed. There are many educational applications of Frankl's theories, which involve shock, apathy, refusal to make decisions, denial of wants and needs, and loss of identity. (CJ)

Examines the relational view of the person in Martin Buber's philosophy of dialog. Shifts toward the relational are considered in the context of human development, gender studies, psychotherapy, and family therapy. A dialogical approach in which partners are encouraged to move toward a more collaborative, empathetic relationship of "I and…

"Twins have often served science but science has rarely served twins" (Novotny, 1988). Twinship presents specific challenges unique to twins in the realms of physical, emotional, social, interpersonal, and academic trials; twins many times suffer in self-esteem, separation-individuation, and object relations. This paper reviews literature which…

Presented are: (1) a review of literature which attempts to define the nature of the adolescent crisis among adopted children; and (2) an attempt to develop a theoretical perspective on adopted adolescents which incorporates a biological-social view of the causes of adolescents' problems. The paper attempts to develop an intervention-guiding model…

This paper presents an overview of the need for theory in the field of adventure therapy. It also outlines one way of conceptualizing theories of human change as they relate to adventure therapy. The field of adventure therapy is young and has not had time to develop a coherent theoretical base. In order to contribute to the development of a…

The author traces the development of writing as a therapeutic tool, from its roots in Freudian psychoanalysis and bibliotherapy to current practices in the humanistic psychologies, where poetry therapy, correspondence, and diary-keeping are used as adjuncts to conventional therapies and as vehicles for self-awareness and self-help. (SJL)

Suggests that counselors develop a classsification system of human behavior that is comprehensive, descriptive, developmental, and compatible with a variety of theoretical backgrounds rather than accept the negative classification system of psychiatry. The system recognizes the role of learning and development in maladaptive behavior. (JAC)

Presents paradigmatic case of "failure to know" involving a 36-year-old man treated in psychoanalytic therapy. Reviews issues such as the construction of narrative meaning, the concept of alexithymia, and the object-relational concept of the "unthought known." Discusses transference-countertransference matrix. (JBJ)

As therapy relationships between female therapists and female clients become more prevalent, there is a need to address the attributes of these relationships. Psychoanalytic object relations theory and feminist theory can be used to arrive at a meaningful context for viewing the dimension of intimacy. Psychoanalytic literature on the mother/infant…

Perspective transformation is a consciously achieved state in which the individual's perspective on life is transformed. The new perspective serves as a vantage point for life's actions and interactions, affecting the way life is lived. Three conditions are basic to achieving perspective transformation: (1) "feeling" experience, i.e.,…

The theory of transactional analysis (TA) originated by Eric Berne in the 1950's is typified by structural analysis and is comprised of the ego states of Parent, Adult, and Child. Linkages are the life scripts of the individual. One ego state is usually in control at any given time. Pathology results when ego boundaries become rigid or break down…

Although incompatible differences appear to exist between psychoanalytic therapy, which involves a hierarchical relationship, and feminism, which stresses egalitarian values, some versions of psychoanalytic theory are able to maintain their hierarchy within a context consistent with feminist values. Freud touched on the importance of the…

Despite their obvious talents and professional success, many women in professional training lack self-esteem and a sense of personal worth. In psychotherapy, these women reveal the maintenance of close ties to their families of origin and an orientation towards fulfilling parents' needs and expectations. The therapeutic work involves helping them…

Reviews and discusses the debate between the traditional psychoanalytic perspective on separation-individuation and the newer "rational" view of self-development. Finds each have equal importance both for understanding psychopathology and for providing effective and empathically-attuned psychotherapy. Provides clinical vignettes derived…

Reviews research relating to various aspects of bibliotherapy, including academic achievement, assertiveness, attitude change, behavioral change, fear reduction, helper effectiveness, marital accord, self-development, and therapeutic gains. Discusses implications for using bibliotherapy as an adjunct to counseling. (RC)