Argues that questions can guide the course of knowledge acquisition and that they, combined with other factors, can create the figure and ground of text. (FL)

Reviews the literature on teacher clarity and communication skills, then describes a study showing that teachers must be trained in ways to reduce vagueness terms, mazes, multiple utterance questions, and overall frequency of questions posed to students. (FL)

Argues that reading teachers need to be aware of the art of hypothesizing ("guessing") and foster its development in their students. Offers guidelines to facilitate guessing. (FL)

Research on the effects of questioning in the classroom has explored the placement, timing, type, and social impact of questions. Principles of good questioning include the following: (1) well-stated questions should be concise, clear, and complete; (2) questions should be topical in nature, requiring a complex answer; (3) yes or no questions…

Stressing that teachers must consider not only the quality and amount of content in their questions, but must also consider the levels and types of questions being asked, as well as design appropriate modeling, cueing, and responding strategies, this document outlines current research on questioning techniques for classroom use. The role of…

To provide a clear idea of the specific teacher behaviors involved in questioning and how these behaviors relate to each other, this paper develops a conceptualization of the interactional components of questioning and reviews research evaluating the benefits of alternative questioning techniques. The paper first describes different methods of…

This paper emphasizes the need to look for causes of school phobia and maladjustment not only in the pupil, but also in his peer interactions and in aspects of the school, particularly teachers' attitudes toward communication and the use of language in learning. (Author/SJL)

Based on the idea that inference abilities are essential to comprehension, this essay discusses systematic oral questioning strategies designed to help both junior and senior high school teachers develop students' reading comprehension abilities. Questioning strategies are examined in terms of their purpose, efficiency, motivation, and required…

This publication reviews research findings related to the verbal questioning behaviors and practices of teachers. It emphasizes current research related to the impact of questioning practices on student thinking, achievement, and attitudes. This includes questioning techniques and strategies and approaches to analyzing classroom questions. A list…

Theory and research on techniques for second language classrooms are reviewed in five areas: the scaffolding technique; questioning techniques; cooperative learning; techniques for promoting student interaction with text (reading instruction); and error correction. It is concluded that: (1) while there is some conflicting evidence, the majority of…

This monograph reviews the research findings related to the oral questioning behaviors and practices of teachers. It also gives some attention to written and student-generated questions. The purpose is to provide teachers with knowledge to assist them in making decisions about improving classroom instruction. The monograph examines past and…

Claims that although a child-oriented classroom is organized by the teacher, the curriculum is enacted by everyone, and that dialogues in which teachers and children develop together provides the core of this enactment. (MM)

A collection of works concerning classroom research methodology, learner strategies and variables, teacher speech, teacher and learner feedback, and second language classroom communication has been compiled. It includes: "What Is Classroom Oriented Research?" (Herbert W. Seliger and Michael H. Long); "Inside the 'Black Box': Methodological Issues…

This paper addresses the question, "What teacher questioning behaviors influence student learning?" It synthesizes research findings, explicates their prescriptive implications, and presents behavioral guidelines for teachers who wish to make informed choices about improving classroom questioning behavior. The paper examines and…