Despite a surge of empirical work on student participation in online learning environments, the causal links between the learning-related factors and processes with the desired learning outcomes remain unexplored. This study presents a systematic literature review of approaches to model learning in Massive Open Online Courses offering an analysis…

Presents main similarity task methods available for scaling a large objects set and reviews their practicality. Discusses ways to increase the efficiency of the similarity task while maintaining satisfactory scaling solutions. Notes that the choice of appropriate task first depends on the kind of objects of stimuli being scaled. (SLD)

Describes multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis and the type of problems they can help solve. Cites major literature sources concerning their use. Reviews applications of these methods in rehabilitation research. Discusses possible advantages of nonmetric data-reduction techniques over metric approaches, such as factor analysis. (Author)

Uses multidimensional scaling and clustering analysis of the co-citation patterns of 58 authors to explore the intellectual organization of population genetics and related specialties. Concludes that co-cited author mapping, with the author as the unit of analysis, is likely to complement studies of informal communication networks. (SR)

Presents an overview of some well-known instruments and recently developed scales for assessing student or teacher perceptions of actual or preferred classroom learning environments. Past research and practical applications followed using the instruments are described. (SM)