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McNeish, Daniel M.; Stapleton, Laura M. – Educational Psychology Review, 2016
Multilevel models are an increasingly popular method to analyze data that originate from a clustered or hierarchical structure. To effectively utilize multilevel models, one must have an adequately large number of clusters; otherwise, some model parameters will be estimated with bias. The goals for this paper are to (1) raise awareness of the…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Statistical Analysis, Sample Size, Effect Size
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Leviton, Laura C.; Hughes, Edward F. X. – Evaluation Review, 1981
The use of evaluations for policy and program development and change is critically reviewed. Existing conceptions of utilization are discussed and improvements in the methods of detecting use are suggested. Five clusters of variables affecting utilization are described and hypotheses about the reasons for their effects are outlined. (Author/AL)
Descriptors: Cluster Grouping, Definitions, Literature Reviews, Methods