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Wyner, Lauren; Cohen, Andrew D. – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2015
The aims of this paper are to review research literature on the role that the second language (L2) and foreign language (FL) environments actually play in the development of learners' target language (TL) pragmatic ability, and also to speculate as to the extent to which individual factors can offset the advantages that learners may have by being…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Pragmatics, Transfer of Training, Learning Motivation
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Kleingeld, Ad; van Mierlo, Heleen; Arends, Lidia – Journal of Applied Psychology, 2011
Updating and extending the work of O'Leary-Kelly, Martocchio, and Frink (1994), with this meta-analysis on goal setting and group performance we show that specific difficult goals yield considerably higher group performance compared with nonspecific goals (d = 0.80 plus or minus 0.35, k = 23 effect sizes). Moderately difficult and easy goals were…
Descriptors: Field Studies, Goal Orientation, Group Dynamics, Meta Analysis