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Syed Abdul Manan – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
Employing neoliberal governmentality as a conceptual frame, this paper presents evidence from the mushrooming English language academies from Pakistan to demonstrate that how neoliberal rationality as a normative order of reason governs the minds of learners and teachers without governing. Drawing on the analysis of an open-ended interview…
Descriptors: Neoliberalism, Commercialization, Social Capital, Cultural Capital

Beeching, Kate – British Journal of Language Teaching, 1989
Explores how foreign language teachers can respond to students'"system-building" need as well as their grammar and communicative needs, focusing on the implications of such new English-as-a-Foreign-Language trends as the return to grammar instruction, individual development, and the theory of depth processing. (CB)
Descriptors: Educational Trends, English (Second Language), Individual Development, Language Processing