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Reza Norouzian; Zhouhan Jin; Stuart Webb – Modern Language Journal, 2025
Meta-analytic studies of second language (L2) learning typically employ a classic approach to meta-analysis. Although the classic approach can clarify findings, a multivariate, multilevel meta-analysis (3M) approach increases transparency by accounting for (a) dependencies in the evidence presented by primary studies, (b) methodological…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Notetaking, Second Language Learning
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Crowther, Dustin; Kim, Susie; Lee, Jongbong; Lim, Jungmin; Loewen, Shawn – Language Learning, 2021
We present a review of second language researchers' use of cluster analysis, an advanced statistical method still uncommon but increasingly used to identify groups or patterns in a dataset and to examine group differences. After describing key methodological considerations in conducting cluster analysis, we present a methodological synthesis of 65…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Research, Research Reports, Multivariate Analysis
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Yagiz, Oktay; Aydin, Burcu; Akdemir, Ahmet Selçuk – Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 2016
This study reviews a selected sample of 274 research articles on ELT, published between 2005 and 2015 in Turkish contexts. In the study, 15 journals in ULAKBIM database and articles from national and international journals accessed according to convenience sampling method were surveyed and relevant articles were obtained. A content analysis was…
Descriptors: Journal Articles, Periodicals, Content Analysis, Research Design
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Simsek, Meliha R.; Dündar, Esin – Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 2017
The transformation of coursebook publishing into an industrial giant has brought about variety, choice, and difficulty of decision making. As coursebook selection profoundly influences the quality of foreign language instruction in Turkey, it is essential to investigate what kind of instruments are used, which method is followed, what criteria are…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Trend Analysis
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Bachman, Lyle F. – Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 1988
Discusses three research/testing interfaces in second-language (L2) testing: the covariance structure analysis of ex post facto correlational data, the qualitative investigation of test-taking processes, and the development of L2 assessment instruments based on developmental sequences in L2 acquisition. (61 references) (GLR)
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Language Research, Language Tests, Multivariate Analysis