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Ji, Jingjing – Foreign Language Annals, 2021
The accuracy of placement results undoubtedly affects students' subsequent learning achievements in language programs. Although there has been a growing body of studies in the field of heritage language (HL) education, research on HL placement remains scarce, and little is known about the most appropriate and effective ways to place heritage…
Descriptors: College Students, Student Placement, Second Language Learning, Heritage Education
Indah Puspawati; Maharani Khansa; Utami Widiati – TESL-EJ, 2024
Teachers' language assessment literacy (LAL) refers to teachers' ability to perform assessment-related tasks. Despite the significant role of language assessment literacy in English language teaching and learning, many teachers reported to have an inadequate ability to perform assessment-related tasks because of the lack of assessment training…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Teachers
Piñón, Lizdelia; Carreón-Sánchez, Sulema; Bishop, Sarah – Equity Assistance Center Region II, Intercultural Development Research Association, 2022
Schools are required by the U.S. Constitution, federal and state legislation, and court rulings to ensure equity and excellent education for emergent bilingual students. This literature reviews those policies, related funding and the history of poor quality of instruction provided to these learners. It also describes the research on bilingual…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Smith, Samuel – Texas Papers in Foreign Language Education, 1988
Research concerning the success factors in language immersion education is reviewed, focusing on five major schools of thought. First, the traditional model for immersion research, implemented in a Montreal (Canada) suburb is examined. Then three studies of the influence of affective variables in immersion program success are examined, and it is…
Descriptors: Immersion Programs, Instructional Effectiveness, Language Research, Linguistic Theory
Curtain, Helena Anderson – 1986
A discussion of the immersion approach to second language instruction contains: a description of the approach and its goals; a brief history of its introduction into public schools; a description of the most common immersion program designs (early total, early partial, middle or delayed, and late); a review of available information on program…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational History, Elementary Education, Immersion Programs

Maley, Alan – ELT Journal, 1983
Issues underlying current debate about language learning and teaching are discussed and categorized: views of language learning, views of language, program design, methodology, and psychological factors. It is suggested that educators are justifiably concerned with catering to students' varied needs, wants, and learning styles. (MSE)
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Educational Psychology, Educational Strategies, English (Second Language)
Edelsky, Carole; Hudelson, Sarah – 1989
This document presents the view that for teaching and learning written language, teachers and students in bilingual education programs must have autonomy and must be able to appropriately account for local conditions. Upper-level government policies should be broad, non-specific, and linked to appropriate general goals. Diverse and complex local…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Educational Policy, Language Acquisition, Language Role
Crandall, JoAnn; Tucker, G. Richard – 1989
This paper examines content-based instruction, which is an integrated approach to language instruction drawing topics, texts, and tasks from content or subject matter classes but focusing on the cognitive, academic language skills needed to participate effectively in content instruction. The intent and design of content-based instructional…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Educational Research, Educational Strategies, Intellectual Disciplines
Collier, Virginia P. – 1985
University programs to train teachers of bilingual education (BE) and English as a second language (ESL) are expanding and maturing, but much remains to be explored and accomplished. Hundreds of thousands of BE and ESL teachers currently need training to accommodate program staffing needs. Over half the states have developed BE and/or ESL teacher…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Teachers, Curriculum Development, Elementary Secondary Education

Boals, Tim – Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 2001
The bilingual education debate often focuses solely on quick mastery of English versus native language maintenance, ignoring the more important issue of overall academic success for English language learners. Research suggests that the effectiveness of late-exit bilingual programs may be related to their provision of long-term academic support and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
Garcia, Eugene E. – 1985
A discussion of the cognitive development of bilingual children and its implications for early childhood education for this population begins with a review of recent research on bilingual development. It looks at the forms and results of research projects on dual language acquisition processes, the interactive influence of multiple language…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Classroom Techniques, Cognitive Development
Girard, Denis – 1996
A language education specialist who has studied elementary school second language programs, primarily in France but also in other European countries, outlines the factors he has found contributing to program success and makes recommendations for further development of second language education in Europe. Seven conditions for effective programs of…
Descriptors: Articulation (Education), Educational Environment, Elementary Secondary Education, FLES
Chamot, Anna Uhl; Stewner-Manzanares, Gloria – 1985
A review of the literature on instruction in English as a second language (ESL) looks at four areas of ESL instruction individually and then derives conclusions and recommendations from those areas. The first area, ESL instructional approaches, includes discussion of the educational benefits of current ESL instructional approaches (audiolingual…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Curriculum Design, Educational Policy, English (Second Language)

Senior, Diane – Italica, 1998
While substantial evidence exists that classroom immersion in a second language teaches students about cultural diversity, raises cultural self-awareness, and improves communicative competence in the target language, most of the research has been performed at the elementary and secondary school levels. Implications for developing rationales and…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, College Instruction, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Cultural Training

Crandall, Jo Ann – 1979
This survey of vocational English as a second language (ESL) for adult learners covers the following areas: (1) language content (pronunciation, structure, vocabulary, style and conversational strategies, literacy training, motivation); (2) program design, including a variety of program models; and (3) materials development (needs assessment,…
Descriptors: Adult Basic Education, Adult Education, Annotated Bibliographies, Course Content
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