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Paivio, Allan – Instructional Science, 1980
Argues that mental images have functional properties similar to those of audiovisual media in that they can be intentionally and systematically used as the informational base for cognitive operations and as an aid to new learning. Experimental evidence is cited to support the claims. Nineteen references are cited. (Author/CHC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Audiovisual Aids, Imagery, Instructional Design

Swaffar, Janet; Vlatten, Andrea – Modern Language Journal, 1997
Presents strategies for reading visual images. Illustrates how visual systems inform the process of listening for the meaning of foreign language words and phrases. Suggestions are provided on how these strategies apply to a larger curricular program that integrates media into its overall learning objectives. (35 references) (Author/CK)
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Curriculum Design, Language Processing, Listening Comprehension