This paper presents a synthesis of research findings pertaining to exemplar selection patterns, focusing on sex, race, and age of both exemplars and their admirers. The purpose is to place athletic exemplar selections within the context of exemplar selections in general. Conclusions and implications are discussed. (MT)

Research involving adolescent identification with and development of sex roles is reviewed in the areas of cognitive skills and personality traits, theories of sex role development, and minority group adolescent sex role development. Emerging issues and educational implications in these areas are discussed. (CJ)

Reviews research on the psychological implications of gender identification and ways in which Kohlberg's 1966 paper foreshadowed new developments and insights in this area of study. (Author/BB)

Describes a study that determined the effect of two types of instructional media--interactive video and print--and learner gender on attitudes toward instruction. The use of role models with unemployed adults in an employment skills program is discussed; and the use of the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale is described. (32 references) (LRW)

Summarizes three studies that have revolutionized child psychology by teaching us that children are biologically programmed to learn language; children's language development is orderly and pragmatic, but grammatically mysterious; and children's linguistic self-expression reveals some disturbing ways in which they have been socialized. Presents…

Sally Helgesen's book, "The Female Advantage: Women's Ways of Leadership," is reviewed. The book was based on a survey of women concerning leadership and addresses gender differences in management and leadership styles; management as a circular process; group communication; and leader roles. (MSE)

The research focusing on the science achievement and career selection of females and the relationship of these variables to attitudinal characteristics is examined. The effects of classroom variables, such as questioning differences, expectations of students, and student interest, are also discussed. (KR)

Reviews studies examining children's nurturing behaviors and suggests ways to encourage those behaviors in early childhood settings. Discusses age, gender, and cultural differences in the nurturing behavior of young children. Recommends that teachers expose children to positive role models and suggests several children's books with characters that…

This paper examines the role of the schooling process in creating or exacerbating sex differences in educational attainment. Three dimensions are examined: teacher and textbook modeling of sex-appropriate behavior; students' exposure to specific curricular contents; and the academic support provided to students. Available documentation, mainly…

This article explores some of the major influences affecting the development of female sex-role identity and the psychological and social consequences of this deveopment during childhood and adolescence. (Author/EB)

Suggests that educators can be very influential in fostering higher goals and self-confidence among female students. Educators can provide positive information about the students' performance and the achievements of other women, concerned women role models, and programs specifically designed to promote students' confidence in their abilities.…

Analyzes research on females' self-confidence in sport and physical activity. The article compares three models that link confidence to achievement, examines research variables that may influence female self-confidence, discusses sex differences, and offers enhancement strategies and future research directions. (SM)

This monograph reviews hypotheses about the motivations of women who choose male-dominated professions. Chapter 1 considers theory and empirical evidence regarding the personality and socialization patterns of those women who have chosen male-dominated professions. Discussion focuses on two types of internal motivation--achievement needs and need…

This paper attempts to answer questions about the role that non-related adults may play in the lives of adolescents, particularly who the non-related adults are that adolescents turn to; how helpful do adolescents find these adults; and how these patterns change by race, socioeconomic status, and gender. The paper draws from the research…

Suggests that young women migrate from rural to urban areas in northern Scandinavia because the rural "periphery" is dominated by male economic and leisure activities. A study in northern Norway indicates that more young women than young men valued higher education and highly qualified careers, both of which were more attainable in urban…