In an attempt to understand differences and commonalities in international feminism, a typology is presented and discussed. The study deals with feminist theory in the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Britain, the Netherlands, and the United States. The typology is based on the concept of difference. Two groups are used in the classification…

Considers the need to include gender in any consideration of job training programs. Summarizes recent studies of girls' experiences in schools and calls for a reconsideration of job training programs which will take into account the needs and experiences of girls as well as boys of varying class and race backgrounds. (CMG)

Throughout the educational history of American society, the entrance of a new group was extremely threatening to the established traditionalists already in power at educational institutions. An analysis is done of the advent of various groups onto the American educational scene. Implications are made for modern comparisons. (JN)

Reviews literature on Chinese patterns of socialization. Discusses methodological issues with respect to continuity versus change through time, and variation across geographical locations, systematically considering variables of gender, age, and social class. Concludes that departures from traditional pattern in different locations are evident,…

A study attempted to develop an instrument for assessing social integration of ethnic groups in the classroom. Sociometric questionnaires were used to ask second-grade students to choose classmates whose company they most preferred. Preliminary findings indicate that gender is a more divisive factor within the classroom than ethnicity. (JN)

Holds that social violence can best be understood from a perspective of inequality and conflict. Argues against previous theory that views violence by the powerful as normative and violence by the powerless as deviant. Discusses parental violence and differential rates of male and female violence from this new perspective. (GC)

Discusses the findings of studies of how parents' work experiences affect children, pointing out methodological problems as well as areas for further research and emphasizing the need for a shift from studies of parents' work status per se to investigations of coping strategies in a time of dual-earner families. (RH)

Working-class girls in the Norwegian educational system are viewed in relation to sex-specific and class-specific socialization. The relationship perpetuates the suppression of the working class and maintains class distinctions. The general differences between social classes are described, and the familism of working-class women is examined. (JN)

The implications of physical and biological sex differences on sex role behavior cannot be understood without analyzing the complementary role of the sociocultural meaning of sex roles. The normative aspect of gender role behavior is fluid and can be affected by culture, class, and ethnicity. All societies recognize differences between the sexes.…

Examines constructions of adolescence and pathology and their relation to human service intervention. Locates history of related discourses along a trajectory of 20th-century capitalism, attending especially to racialized, gendered, and class-based aspects. Argues that the youth treatment industry may not be preparing youth for healthy adulthood,…

This article looks at Philippine data describing the upward course of educational attainment during a period of especially rapid economic change. It focuses on the distributional features of schooling as a status characteristic, relating the distribution of education to some important personal characteristics, including sex and aspects of social…

Edward Hall's long accepted theories of proxemics, developed in the mid-sixties of this century, promoted the idea that culture plays the definitive role in determining how different individuals use personal space. Contact cultures, inhabited by people who are comfortable with touching and close contact, include those of Arabia, Latin America, and…

In order to understand working-class education, it is necessary to study ruling-class education. A study of private girls' schools in Australia shows the interrelated forces that result in practices constructed mainly within the schools. (JN)

This paper looks at inter- and intracountry differences in Third World women's educational opportunities and attainments. Discussion includes differences in literacy rate by age; sex differences in enrollment rate, promotion, and wastage; early marriage and other social customs impacting on women's schooling; and social class differences in…

Questions whether educational research concerned with children's abilities to learn science concepts has taken into account the effects of race, class, and gender on children's understanding. Contends that these factors are important variables to consider in cognitive research, and that their omission from this body of research has negative…