This paper explores the issue of sex bias in a contemporary major theory of moral development, cognitive moral theory. It explains critical reactions by Carol Gilligan and others questioning whether cognitive moral theory adequately accounts for female moral reasoning and behavior in its theory and research procedures. Several general…

Discusses Gilligan's explanation of the distinction between justice and care. Describes how she contrasts the two notions and explores the possibility of encompassing care within Piagetian developmental theory. Reviews Gilligan's position on justice and care as different forms of moral judgment. Examines different interpretations of universality…

Issues of morality and children are examined. Information on moral judgment research with children is discussed with implications for educational interventions. Research suggesting that characteristics of moral dilemmas and solutions are related to sex and grade is presented. Areas to be pursued in research and practical application are…

This paper reviews 20 cross-cultural studies conducted with the Defining Issues Test (DIT). All or part of the samples in the studies were non-Americans who had not been a part of the populations presented in the DIT manual. The studies were aimed at the comparison of moral reasoning structure and development across cultures. Several aspects of…

Gilligan's work on sex differences in moral reasoning, perception of violence, resolution of sexual dilemmas, and abortion decisions poses a major challenge to Kohlberg's theory because of its feminist perspective of moral development. Gilligan suggests Kohlberg's demonstration of males and females attaining different levels of moral development…

Reviews literature on various aspects of adolescent sexual development, such as masturbation, how knowledge of sex is learned, sexual preferences, sexual practices, and values. (DB)

Organizational values are changing in an information technology environment and as more women enter management. A blend of "male" and "female" values is becoming essential to successful leadership of organizations in a global context. (SK)

Investigates effects of gender and class standing on college students' moral orientation and psychosocial development. Women had significantly greater ethic of care, tolerance, educational involvement, instrumental autonomy, and lifestyle planning than men. Upperclassman possessed greater educational involvement, career planning, lifestyle…

Applying the feminist critique to solution-focused therapy highlights the strengths and weaknesses of this model from a feminist perspective. Although solution-focused therapy and feminist approaches share an emphasis on competence and strengths, solution-focused theory tends to overlook gender and power differences. In general, the model falls…

In this overview of literature pertaining to professionalization of attitudes toward play, the author argues that research does not prove (a) that differences in value orientation can be attributed to participation in athletics, and (b) that involvement in competition socializes an athlete into the value system of the work world. (Author/MT)

A near-replication of Eppels' sentence completion test study of teenagers' moral attitudes in the early 1960s was conducted in 1976-77 in urban and suburban areas of England, Scotland, and Australia. Comparisons are drawn across time and, for the newer data, between societies and between the sexes. (SJL)

Investigates the relationship of terminal core values to delinquency, substance use, and sexual behavior in a sample of high school students. Groups valuing fun/enjoyment and security were strongly identified with delinquency and substance use. Groups valuing self-respect, sense of accomplishment, and sense of belonging exhibited low frequency of…

Questions are raised about the difficulty of defining normal and atypical sexual behavior. Variations from normalcy that students, parents, and educators are most likely to encounter are discussed. The importance of dealing with variations in ways that are best for the individual and the group is emphasized. (PP)

Summarizes research on reading preferences of boys and girls, the relationship of these preferences to reading ability, the availability of materials for boys, and the notion of a female versus a male morality. The implications of these factors for building a well-balanced children's collection are also considered. (nine references) (MES)

Examines the possible impacts and implications of female leadership on the library profession. Demographics, differences between men and women as leaders, characteristics of effective leadership, and changing models of organizations are discussed. (Contains 36 references.) (EAM)