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Jung, Daniel; DiBartolomeo, Megan; Melero-García, Fernando; Giacomino, Lindsay; Gurzynski-Weiss, Laura; Henderson, Carly; Hidalgo, Marian – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2020
Individual differences (IDs) have long been considered one of the most important factors explaining variable rates and outcomes in second language acquisition (Dewaele, 2013). While traditional operationalizations of IDs have, explicitly or implicitly, assumed that IDs are static traits that are stable through time, more recent research inspired…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Longitudinal Studies, Second Language Learning, Student Motivation
Zelazo, Philip David; Blair, Clancy B.; Willoughby, Michael T. – National Center for Education Research, 2016
Executive function (EF) skills are the attention-regulation skills that make it possible to sustain attention, keep goals and information in mind, refrain from responding immediately, resist distraction, tolerate frustration, consider the consequences of different behaviors, reflect on past experiences, and plan for the future. As EF research…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Attention Control, Educational Research, Learning Processes
Fitzpatrick, Caroline – South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2012
Children's preparedness for school is an important predictor of their eventual academic attainment, health, and personal success well into adulthood. Although kindergarten knowledge of numbers and vocabulary represent robust indicators of children's readiness to learn at school entry, theory and research suggest that self-directed learning skills…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Preschool Children, Learner Engagement, School Readiness

Beatty, Jackson – Psychological Bulletin, 1982
A review of all available experimental data indicates that the task-evoked pupillary response, a physiological measure of processing "mental effort," accurately reflects within-task, between-task and between-individual variations in processing demands. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Attention, Individual Differences, Language Processing, Perception

Brady, Susan – Annals of Dyslexia, 1986
Because visual short-term memory deficits are common in children with reading problems, a series of experiments were reviewed which examined the role of phonological processes in short-term memory. Results suggest that both developmental and individual differences in verbal memory span are related to efficient phonological processes. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Developmental Stages, Elementary Secondary Education, Individual Differences

Stanovich, Keith E. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1982
The literature on individual differences in cognitive processes that operate at the text level is reviewed. Poor readers display comprehension deficits independent of word-decoding skill, due to deficient syntactic abilities and to more general metacognitive strategies. The general conclusions from this review and from Part One (ED 150 706) are…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Context Clues, Decoding (Reading), Elementary Secondary Education