The 2010 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology indicated that there was a need to provide individuals with strong STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) backgrounds in order to be a competitive country internationally. Additionally, it has been found that there is a gender gap in STEM related fields.…

The social work literature often mentions the value and importance of faculty and field instructors serving as role models for students. Unlike allied disciplines, the influence of role models in social work education remains relatively unexplored. This article includes a search of two electronic databases on "role models and social work…

Reviews research on the psychological implications of gender identification and ways in which Kohlberg's 1966 paper foreshadowed new developments and insights in this area of study. (Author/BB)

The literature on socialization of nursing students for professional commitment is reviewed, along with the literature on nursing as a female profession. Concerns addressed by the literature include the following: students' self-images over the course of their nursing education, nursing leadership, the conventional orientation of many young…

Reports on a study of the professional socialization of associate degree nursing (ADN) students. Reviews previous research on the process of nursing socialization. Presents study findings based on responses from 1,877 nursing students in 20 ADN programs, focusing on students' characteristics and ideal and actual role models. (DMM)

Three child psychology studies illustrate that although behavior can be shaped by rewards and punishments, children also learn through imitating adult role models. When parents combine control and warmth, children are more independent, responsible, and content than when either control or warmth is absent. Human behavior is influenced by context…

Summarizes three studies that have revolutionized child psychology by teaching us that children are biologically programmed to learn language; children's language development is orderly and pragmatic, but grammatically mysterious; and children's linguistic self-expression reveals some disturbing ways in which they have been socialized. Presents…

The role of the teacher as a mediator of traditional cultural attitudes and the socialization of males in society were examined. A study was made of six male preservice teachers who were interviewed and observed in elementary school classroom settings to determine how their perspectives of masculinity and femininity were conveyed to the students.…

Two differing viewpoints on the socialization of student teachers are presented in this review of the literature on the subject. The functionalist view places the student teacher in a passive role, shaped by childhood experiences, and influenced by peers, pupils, cooperating teachers, supervisors, and the structure of the school environment. The…

This article explores some of the major influences affecting the development of female sex-role identity and the psychological and social consequences of this deveopment during childhood and adolescence. (Author/EB)

Some antecedent causes of the resistance or inability of women to set goals are explored. Aspects of socialization and education which determine the decision-making and goal-setting behavior of women in adolescence and in maturity are delineated. The thesis is put forth that political and societal institutions are, to a great extent, responsible…

Reviews the literature on the career development of young Black females, and concludes that their unique dilemmas are often ignored, forgotten, or subsumed under the headings of minorities or females in general. (Author/ST)

This paper presents a series of propositions concerning processes that are at work in mentoring relationships, with each proposition accompanied by a brief discussion of the theory and research on which it is based. Examples are provided of the role of mentoring in the development of creative individuals. The propositions cover the following…

Because of psychological barriers as well as economic and political determinants, women have difficulties in engaging in goal-setting for career structuring. Socialization, importance of goal-setting and roles, and mechanisms for change (assertive techniques, making others aware, education and self-awareness, and coping strategies) are discussed.…

A review of the literature on teacher socialization reveals emphasis on two broad research categories: outcomes of teacher socialization, and factors that influence those outcomes. Research is consistent with respect to the outcomes of socialization. Progressive and liberal views that students adopt during college shift after their initial…