Examines three major reasons why individuals shirk responsibility: feelings of powerlessness (external locus of control), belief in a systems world (society as self-regulating balance of objective forces), and consequences of extreme introversion or extraversion. Discusses the role of education in fostering development of student attitudes and…

Attributional retraining, the restructuring of an individual's explanations for events in his environment, is proposed as one method of enhancing college student motivation and achievement, particularly for high-risk students. Drawing on previous research and theory, the most promising strategies for using attributional retraining with this…

Single-sex education refers most generally to education at the elementary, secondary, or postsecondary level in which males or females attend school exclusively with members of their own sex. This report deals primarily with single-sex education at the elementary and secondary levels. Research in the United States on the question of whether public…