Examines reasons for community colleges' return to mandatory testing and placement in courses/programs where students have a reasonable expectation of success. Looks at the use and success of other retention strategies, including orientation programs, tutors, and integrated support services. (DMM)

A study of the fairness and utility of race-conscious academic support services offered at law schools finds that law schools should increase academic support for nontraditional students. A University of Oregon program is used to illustrate the potential for program success. (MSE)

Programs providing academic support services in colleges and universities and the evaluation of these services are reviewed. Attention is also directed to the need for opportunities in higher education for students with marginal high school academic records, and responses to the need by institutions of higher education. It is suggested that there…