County school superintendents' thoughts on education in 1845, drawn from the New York State superintendent's annual report and analyzed in this article, provide an enriching historical perspective for today's administrator. (MCG)

Drawing on information from 15 sources, this literature review discusses advantages/disadvantages of small schools and summarizes practices for both rural and urban small schools to follow to maintain educational quality despite dwindling enrollments and resources. Small school disadvantages in the areas of staff, instructional program, and…

This review summarizes and analyzes the body of research on the characteristics of effective schools in addition to early input-output research, which implied that the determinants of student achievement lay chiefly outside the control of the schools. Chapter 1 discusses patterns in the results of input-output studies, including research…

The report grows out of increasing concern for improving foreign language and international studies in United States schools. To gain an understanding of the state of foreign language instruction in Washington, a committee was organized to develop and process a survey of foreign language teachers in the state. The survey requests information about…