Reviews difficulties faced by English as a Second Language students in writing for evaluation. Describes approaches for reducing writing anxiety, including focusing on the fluent expression of ideas rather than grammar, and providing nonjudgmental responses. Discusses results from the implementation of these approaches, suggesting that writing…

Examines research on the causes of writing apprehension. Profiles high-apprehensive writers, characterizes their written products, and describes their writing processes. Suggests four procedures for dealing with writing apprehension: peer group workshops; positive reinforcement; teaching about writing process, and gradually increasing students'…

Reflecting changes in the focus and methodology of writing research over the past 20 years, this book provides a meta-analysis of studies on teaching approaches and focuses on composition instruction at the elementary, secondary, and college levels. The first chapter of the book examines general studies of the composing process, studies of process…