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James Pengelley; Peter R. Whipp; Anabela Malpique – Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 2025
The rising use of technology in classrooms has also brought with it a concomitant wave of computer-based assessments. The argument for computer-based testing is often framed in terms of efficiency and data management: computer-based tests facilitate more efficient processing of test data and the rate at which feedback can be leveraged for student…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Paper and Pencil Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Student Evaluation
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Rivers, Michelle L. – Educational Psychology Review, 2021
Over a century of research has established practice testing as a highly robust learning strategy that promotes long-term retention. However, learners do not always appreciate the benefits of testing for memory and do not use it as effectively as they could during their own self-regulated learning. The goal of this review is to identify common…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Learning Strategies, Retention (Psychology), Decision Making
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Schwieren, Juliane; Barenberg, Jonathan; Dutke, Stephan – Psychology Learning and Teaching, 2017
The testing effect is a robust empirical finding in the research on learning and instruction, demonstrating that taking tests during the learning phase facilitates later retrieval from long-term memory. Early evidence came mainly from laboratory studies, though in recent years applied educational researchers have become increasingly interested in…
Descriptors: Testing, Meta Analysis, Outcomes of Education, Recall (Psychology)
Sherrard, Carol – Educational Technology, 1988
Discussion of memory for text information focuses on an earlier study which appeared to show that it is better for students to study a summary of a textbook chapter than to study the chapter itself. Topics discussed include recognition memory, recall, how to test memory, and psychological research. (10 references) (LRW)
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Learning Strategies, Memory, Psychological Studies
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Lawson, Antone E. – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2004
This paper presents a synthesis of what is currently known about the nature and development of scientific reasoning and why it plays a central role in acquiring scientific literacy. Science is viewed as a hypothetico-deductive (HD) enterprise engaging in the generation and test of alternative explanations. Explanation generation and test requires…
Descriptors: Evidence, Testing, Hypothesis Testing, Short Term Memory
White, Richard T. – 1979
This paper discusses questions pertinent to a definition of cognitive structure as the knowledge one possesses and the manner in which it is arranged, and considers how to select or devise methods of describing cognitive structure. The main purpose in describing cognitive structure is to see whether differences in memory (or cognitive structure)…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Structures, Instruction
Cunningham, Donald J. – 1977
This working paper, which reviews the experimental literature on learning skills to provide background information to the staff of the Skills Essential to Learning Television Project (a multi-level series of video and print resources for classroom use), covers four areas: study skills, instructional development and design, cognitive psychology,…
Descriptors: Advance Organizers, Concept Formation, Design Requirements, Instructional Design
Bernhardt, Elizabeth B.; James, Charles J. – 1987
Instructional models for foreign language reading and listening comprehension are outlined and synthesized, and an instructional procedure based on immediate recall, a standardized method for assessing first-language comprehension, is proposed. First, the interrelated processes of reading and listening comprehension, as currently defined in the…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Language Processing, Language Proficiency, Language Tests
McLaughlin, Barry – 1994
An information-processing approach to language learning is examined; language aptitude is factored into the approach, and the role of working memory is discussed. The process of learning includes two processes that make heavy use of working memory is: automatization and restructuring. At first, learners must make a conscious effort to remember and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Restructuring, Cognitive Structures, Information Processing, Language Aptitude
Marzano, Robert J. – 1985
This paper presents an instructional model for thinking skills and discusses implementing the model. Based on a unitary theory of human cognition and some basic assumptions about the conditions for successfully intervening in public education, the model can be implemented at any grade level within any instructional framework. Currently used models…
Descriptors: Aesthetic Education, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Curriculum Development