Examines how common beliefs about decline in adult intellect over time are shaped by culture. Presents alternative ways of understanding intellectual development: as specialization, as continuing change in intellectual complexities, and as the process of gaining expertise. (SK)

Considers the special function of values as an influence on administrative action, which generally requires rejecting some courses in favor of others. Employs theories of cognition as a conceptual lens for reviewing and classifying the theoretical and research literature of values. Adopting this perspective allows reconciliation of several…

Examines alternatives to the technical orientation of the Ralph Tyler rationale of curriculum planning. Emphasizes the fact that the language and processes of curriculum planning are embedded in metaphysical, philosophical, and moral concerns. Advocates using religious metaphors in models of curriculum planning and discusses how planners' values…

This chapter discusses the development of achievement motivation during adolescence from the perspective of expectancy-value theory, and explains how adolescents' expectancies for success and achievement values change during adolescence, particularly during educational transitions such as that from elementary to middle school and from middle to…