This workshop collection contains four case studies regarding particular relationships between specific resources and clientele or user groups, and three discussions based on those four papers and/or conference discussions. The first paper discusses urban land use origins and compares urban policies with rural policies suggesting that future rural land use should not be based on urban policies. Focusing on poverty and coal mining in Kentucky, the second paper, by Cynthia L. Duncan and William A. Duncan, supports community-oriented development policies. The third paper, by Joe B. Stevens, provides an historical overview of the Pacific Northwest's economy; discusses the current status of forest, human, and community resources with a focus on poverty; and, through operationalizing the concept of "income distribution," suggests that multiple definitions are needed to examine the impact of forest-related policies. Focusing on blacks, the final case study, by T. T. Williams, Richard Morse, and Avery Webber, is concerned with the impact of government policies on minority rural land ownership, management, and use. After a brief history, the paper looks at contemporary black rural land tenure in the South and suggests implementation of policies designed to strengthen the capability of small farmers to increase their total output, thus enhancing economic viability of black farmers. Comments focus briefly on major points from the case studies and suggest areas for further investigation. (PM)